基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

非洲新能源电池价值链高质量发展前瞻

2025-03-07 08:56:48 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：管理员

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2023年刚果（金）、赞比亚两国领导人先后成功访华，两国与中国分别发表联合声明，双双提到要共同发展新能源电池价值链。更为重要的是，中国领导人在南非参加金砖国家领导人峰会期间，于中非领导人对话会上，正式提出《支持非洲工业化倡议》。中非合作论坛新一届会议将于2024年秋天在中国举办，中非命运共同体将开启新篇章。这些都为中非在新能源电池产业链、价值链的深度合作创造了极好的条件。

中国在新能源电池（锂离子电池）方面拥有产业链完整、技术领先、产能规模庞大等明显优势；锂离子电池成为当前中国出口产品“新三样”之一。刚果（金）、赞比亚、南非、津巴布韦、摩洛哥等非洲国家则在钴、锂、镍、铜、锰、磷等新能源电池所需的矿产资源方面储量丰富。中非优势互补合作，共同推动非洲新能源电池产业链、价值链高质量发展。

目前刚果（金）、南非等国家都与中国保持良好的政经关系：都是中国不同层级的战略伙伴，都与中国签有共建“一带一路”合作备忘录。从地缘经济、地缘政治的角度看，非洲不是美国重点关注的区域，美非经济交汇点明显少于中非经济的交汇点。欧洲（欧盟）在非洲也“力有不逮”，欧盟“全球门户”倡议面向非洲地区的项目，进展缓慢。可见，中非合作受到的外部扰动处于可控范围。

这些都有利于中国企业在以上国家进行相关投资及产能合作，特别是新能源电池产业链、价值链的产能合作。目前，中国大中型企业已经在刚果（金）、赞比亚、津巴布韦、南非、摩洛哥等国布局新能源电池材料，以材料的本地化深加工为基础，向下游拓展（见表1）。

表1 中资企业在部分非洲国家战略性矿产投资概况

资料来源：公开信息汇总

赞比亚政局长期稳定，与周边国家都保持良好关系，也与中国共同发展工业园。南非是非洲经济发展程度较高的国家，在非洲具有非凡的领导力和影响力。津巴布韦，刚果（金）整体发展水平不高，制造业水平较弱，采矿业属于粗放型发展模式。尤其是刚果（金），虽坐拥丰富的钴锂资源，但受到局势不稳的掣肘，钴锂产业处于低水平发展状态。摩洛哥经济发展水平相对较高，但偏居非洲西部一隅，独木难支。综合来看，虽然刚果（金）和赞比亚都有意同中国打造新能源电池产业链、价值链，但凭借一己之力，都很难打造出区域级别产业链体系。不过，五国都与中国有良好的政经关系，同时四国各自参加的非洲次区域合作组织也同中国保持良好合作关系。五国可以通过整合资源，与中国共建西部非洲、中南部非洲新能源电池产业链、价值链。

未雨绸缪，可以以赞比亚的工业园为核心生产基地，在“一带一路”倡议框架下，以五国为基础，充分整合中国与非洲国家在资源、产能与技术方面的优势。据此，能比较稳妥快速的将资源优势转化为产能优势，共同打造西部非洲、中南部非洲新能源电池产业链、价值链。预计经过5-10年的发展，可以实现相关产业链从采矿业主导向制造业主导的跃迁，为本区域、本国创造更多附加值更高的工业品及提供更具有价值的就业机会。同时，对于中国而言，在自主可控及安全基础上，新能源电池产业链、价值链在非洲得到延深和扩展。对于中国电池产业链企业而言，在规模扩大基础上锻造跨国生产经营能力，并打造全球竞争力。

在此基础上，我们可以畅想：以中资新能源电池产业链企业为核心，在平等互利基础上，循序渐进的帮助非洲建设一个相对完整的新能源电池产业链和价值链体系。这一体系将涵盖——矿产资源勘探与开采、镍钴锂等化合物的生产、锂离子正极材料的生产、新能源电池的生产及全球销售。在这过程中，可以中非双方为核心，中资大中型企业主导产业链的运行，同时可以适当引进些欧洲先进的产业资本来做战略补充。

这既能延深中国本土的锂电产业链，又能推进非洲相关国家的工业化进程帮助非洲实现跨越式发展；欧洲国家也找到新的高价值投资产业。这将最终实现多赢格局，在新能源电池产业链、价值领域践行人类命运共同体的新理念。

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