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特朗普政府拟推稀土“保底价”计划，加速打造美国本土供应链

2025-08-01 11:32:44 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：石林

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据路透社独家消息，五位知情人士透露，白宫高层于 7 月 24 日秘密召集十家稀土企业及苹果、微软、康宁等科技巨头，商议通过设定产品最低保底价等非常规手段，快速提升美国关键矿产产能。这场闭门会议由特朗普贸易顾问彼得・纳瓦罗与国家安全委员会供应链战略官员大卫・科普利共同主持，释放出美国急于摆脱稀土供应链对外依赖的强烈信号。

政策延续性明确：保底价绝非个案

会议中最受关注的信息是，官员明确表态五角大楼 7 月对 MP Materials 公司实施的稀土保底价政策 "绝非孤例"，更多类似协议正在推进中。这项数十亿美元规模的投资计划，被纳入美国国防部关键矿产战略框架，旨在解决采矿企业长期抱怨的项目投资高风险问题。

值得注意的是，政策已显现联动效应 —— 在五角大楼注资后，苹果迅速与 MP Materials 签订供应协议，科技巨头入局被视为产业链激活的重要信号。纳瓦罗和科普利在会上特别强调，特朗普希望看到更多科技企业通过种子投资或并购方式参与稀土产业。

全产业链攻坚：对标 "曲速行动" 速度

与会官员详细阐述了特朗普政府的雄心：以 2020 年新冠疫苗 "曲速行动" 为参照，在采矿、加工、回收和磁铁制造全产业链快速提升产能。纳瓦罗向路透社证实会议情况时强调，目标是 "以 ' 特朗普速度 ' 推进，在保持效率的前提下尽快解决关键矿产行业的脆弱性"。

为加速进程，官员建议企业充分利用现有政策工具，包括特朗普 7 月 4 日签署的税改与支出法案中，价值数十亿美元的行业激励措施。政府计划在 4-6 周后再次召集企业会谈，紧凑的时间表凸显出政策推进的迫切性。

产业价值与现实挑战并存

稀土作为包含 17 种金属元素的特殊矿产，是电能转换动能磁铁的核心原料，广泛应用于手机、武器系统等电子设备制造，战略价值显著。但与会企业提出的 "禁止含稀土磁铁设备出口以促进国内回收" 建议，被纳瓦罗暂时搁置，仅表示 "所有政策选项都在考虑中"，反映出产业成熟度仍需时间培育。

此次会议暴露的不仅是美国构建自主供应链的决心，更折射出全球关键矿产资源争夺的加剧。随着科技巨头与政府力量的协同介入，稀土产业格局或将迎来深度调整。

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特朗普政府拟推稀土“保底价”计划，加速打造美国本土供应链

政策延续性明确：保底价绝非个案

全产业链攻坚：对标 "曲速行动" 速度

产业价值与现实挑战并存

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