特朗普政府关税政策持续加码，美国消费者与经济承压

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

特朗普政府关税政策持续加码，美国消费者与经济承压

2025-08-07 17:34:39 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：王欣悦

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当地时间8月6日，美国总统特朗普的一则重磅消息再度搅动全球经济格局，他宣称美国将对芯片和半导体征收约100%的关税，不过，如果相关产品在美国制造，则不会收取任何费用。特朗普当天在白宫向记者明确表示，这一高达100%的税率将适用于“所有进入美国的芯片和半导体”，但已承诺或已启动程序在美国制造相关产品的企业可获豁免。

就在此前一天(8月5日)，特朗普在接受美国消费者新闻与商业频道(CNBC)采访时，就已透露美国关税政策的新动向——将首先对进口药品征收“小额关税”，并计划在一年左右大幅提高税率。他进一步阐述道：“一年，最多一年半，税率将升至150%，之后将升至250%，因为我们希望药品能在我们国家生产。”遗憾的是，对于进口药品的初始关税税率，特朗普并未给出明确数字。

特朗普政府一系列激进的关税政策，正逐步对美国国内市场与消费者产生深远影响。美国媒体于当地时间8月2日的报道显示，由于关税政策致使成本大幅提升，美国销售商无奈被迫提高产品售价，这也意味着美国消费者最终不得不为货架上持续涨价的各类商品买单。

以电脑为例，据美国有线电视新闻网援引美国商务部的数据，电脑是美国去年进口的主要商品之一。受美国对多个主要进口国家加征高额关税影响，今年6月份美国电脑价格相较于去年同期上涨了近5%。美国耶鲁大学预算实验室预估，如果特朗普政府推行的高额关税政策持续，短期内电脑和其他电子产品价格将上涨18.2%，长期来看也会上涨7.7%。

服装类商品同样深受关税影响。从短期来看，美国消费者或许将面临鞋类价格上涨40%、服装价格上涨38%的局面;而在长期，鞋类价格可能上涨19%，服装价格可能上涨17%。此外，特朗普政府近期宣布对欧盟和瑞士的关税政策，也引发了相关产品价格波动。根据美国葡萄酒和烈酒批发商的数据，进口葡萄酒和烈酒占美国酒类市场总销售额的35%，欧盟作为美国市场中葡萄酒、威士忌和伏特加等酒精饮料的主要供应商，许多酒类已因关税开始涨价。瑞士方面，去年其向美国出口了价值超过40亿美元的手表，如今特朗普政府计划对瑞士征收39%的关税，耶鲁大学预算实验室估计，若这一关税实施，瑞士手表价格短期内将上涨39.7%。

耶鲁大学预算实验室指出，当前美国对进口商品征收的平均有效关税税率已达18.3%，为1934年以来最高水平，预计这一情况将使2025年每个美国家庭平均支出增加2400美元。不仅如此，关税政策还将拖累美国经济增长，该实验室认为，关税政策将导致美国2025年和2026年实际国内生产总值增长率每年降低0.5个百分点，同时，到2025年底美国失业率将上升0.3个百分点，到2026年底失业率将上升0.7个百分点。

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特朗普政府关税政策持续加码，美国消费者与经济承压

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