巴西认为能成为最大稀土生产国

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

巴西认为能成为最大稀土生产国

2025-08-13 11:19:56 来源：自然资源部责任编辑：袁梦

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据BNAmericas网站报道，巴西地质调查局(SGB)认为，尽管面临诸多严重挑战，但该国仍有可能成为世界最大稀土生产国。

美国地质调查局(USGS)的数据显示，巴西稀土储量为2100万吨，占全球储量的23%左右，居世界第二位。

SGB局长伊纳西奥·梅洛(Inácio Melo)在一份声明中称，这不可避免地使“巴西成为世界最大稀土生产国”。

梅洛强调，巴西必须扩大地质知识，将该国战略矿产资源巨大潜力升级为证实和可采矿产储量。

“我们需要发现新矿床，并消除技术和物流瓶颈”，他补充说。

尽管稀土潜力巨大，但巴西2024年稀土产量只有20吨，仅占全球39万吨产量的很小一部分。

近些年来，关于稀土的争论已经吸引了全球关注，特别是特朗普当局警告美国面临稀土供应风险之后。

巴西铁矿石生产商塞德罗矿产公司(Cedro Mineração)董事、以前曾任淡水河谷公司高管的何塞·卡洛斯·马丁斯(José Carlos Martins)认为，“巴西和美国一样，都需要加大投资研究和开发以减少对外依赖”。

“即使在稀土资源量丰富的美国，我看至少三到四年才有可能具备稀土矿产加工能力”，马丁斯补充说。

由于同美国的贸易关系紧张，特别是美国当局对巴西产品征收50%的关税(尽管有一些豁免)后，巴西稀土工业发展面临其他风险因素。

巴西总统卢拉最近在回应这些紧张关系时称，政府将会保护国家的矿产资源。

“我们需要保护所有油田。我们需要保护所有金矿。我们拥有所有想保护的丰富矿产资源。任何人都别想对它们下手。这个国家属于巴西人民”，卢拉称。

政治层面的讨论影响了私营部门的信心。

“近几个月来，我们看到投资者对该行业政治影响力的看法发生了重大转变。突然之间，各国政府在讨论采矿业时都坚持国家主权的声明”，一位不愿具名的巴西投资者称，他在巴西与全球投资者拥有多家勘查企业。

“这不能保障开发项目的投资者和私营企业所需要的安全”。

“最终，是企业而不是政府投资这些项目”，这位人士补充说。

稀土是出现特定矿物中的性质相似的17种元素的组合。

稀土通常作为其他矿产的共伴生矿产，主要为铌和磷酸盐。有200多种矿物含有稀土，但目前只有少数矿物可经济开采。

虽然并不稀少，但稀土因为开采加工非常复杂而被列为关键矿产。它们用于改善高技术和清洁能源产品的性能，特别是风力发电机和电动汽车，以及航空航天设备，比如卫星、火箭和导弹。

“美国之所以对稀土兴趣上升，主要是稀土事关国防和高科技工业，而不是清洁能源，后者已不是目前美国当局的优先选项”，马丁斯称。

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巴西认为能成为最大稀土生产国

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