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越南取消黄金专营制度

2025-08-28 15:29:54 来源：自然资源部责任编辑：袁梦

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据Mining.com网站报道，亚洲第三大黄金进口国越南周二颁布一项法令，取消长达13年的黄金国家专营制度，虽然政府目的是实现黄金市场的长期正常化，但这一政策仍导致其国内黄金价格大幅上涨。

越南最大国有黄金和珠宝企业、该国金价基准价参照者——西贡珠宝公司(Saigon Jewelry Co.)销售的金价攀升至每两1.257亿越南盾，按25450越南盾兑1美元、1.2盎司/两计算，约为4096美元/盎司。

去年，越南金条、金饰和金币合计进口55吨。该国正在努力解决黄金市场扭曲问题。越南国家银行的全权控制导致了价格溢价，并导致黑市交易和走私猖獗。新法令允许商业银行和符合条件的企业生产、交易和管理金条，目的是实现自由化、促进竞争和加强监管。这有助于越南黄金市场符合国际惯例。

蒙特利尔银行资本市场(BMO Capital Markets)周三表示，“这将结束长期以来国家对该行业的垄断，国家垄断有时会导致国内黄金价格与国际金价脱节。这一变化最终将使得黄金进口量与国内需求匹配，所以我们认为这对全球黄金市场来说是件好事”。

透明度

此项法令还提高了交易透明度。每人每天超过2000万越南盾(约760美元)的任何购买或销售都必须通过银行账户进行。持有许可的实体必须开具电子发票并与央行共享交易数据。

虽然结束了垄断，但国家银行仍将通过配额来管理进口，这将取决于宏观经济状况、货币政策和市场波动。更具竞争力的市场预计将缩小品牌之间的价格差异，扩大消费者的选择，并通过创造更有序的市场来减少黄金走私。

政策变化来的很快。5月份，越南总理范明政呼吁进行改革，以减少扭曲并恢复宏观经济稳定。越南盾大幅贬值，促使作为避险资产的黄金需求激增。截至8月初，在文化需求和货币不稳定的推动下，越南黄金买交易价格已比当地溢价32%。

黄金作为财富储备已经深深烙印在越南文化之中，节日和婚礼期间对黄金的需求会增多。

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