尾矿利用可满足美国关键矿产需求

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

尾矿利用可满足美国关键矿产需求

2025-08-29 14:35:26 来源：自然资源部责任编辑：袁梦

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据Mining.com网站报道，科罗拉多矿业学院(Colorado School of Mines)最新研究发现，美国大多数关键矿产需求可以通过从目前尾矿中回收来满足。

科学家在近日发表在《科学》(Science)杂志上的论文中称，美国清洁能源技术、电子和国防工业所需的几乎所有关键矿产都已经存在于美国矿山尾矿中。然而，这些材料大多在尾矿或其他废物中而没有被回收利用。

这项分析以钴和锗为例进行了说明。作者断言，采选后进入到尾矿中的钴回收10%就足以供应美国整个电池市场需求。现有锌和钼矿尾矿中的锗回收不到1%就可替代所有进口。

此项研究分析了美国矿山中的70种元素。该研究发现，除了铂钯以外，理论上所有元素都可以在国内通过改善回收方法来满足。

科罗拉多矿业学院矿业工程副教授和本文第一作者伊丽莎白·霍利(Elizabeth Holley)认为尾矿是未利用的重要资源。“我们已经开采了这些材料”，她说。

“问题是我们是回收还是把它扔掉”。

该团队综合运用联邦许可矿山生产数据、USGS矿石品位数据以及其他国际资料来估算美国尾矿中的关键矿产数量。

此发现既带来了战略机遇也带来了挑战。虽然从尾矿中回收这些材料能够降低美国对国外资源的依赖，并减少采矿对环境影响，但研究者指出，目前的市场条件通常使得副产品回收不经济。他们建议，需要采取新的研发和政策鼓励措施，才能实现大规模回收。

这项研究是在特朗普政府寻求确保能源转型所需的关键矿产供应之际进行的。

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尾矿利用可满足美国关键矿产需求

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