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我国科学家在固态电池聚合物电解质领域取得重要研究进展

2025-09-29 11:55:05 来源：财联社责任编辑：袁梦

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近日，清华大学化工系教授张强领衔的团队在固态电池聚合物电解质研究领域取得进展。

其团队成功开发出一种新型含氟聚醚电解质。该电解质通过热引发原位聚合技术，有效增强了固态界面的物理接触与离子传导能力。为开发实用化的高安全性、高能量密度固态锂电池提供了新思路与技术支撑。

该研究成果以“调控聚合物电解质溶剂化结构实现600 Wh kg−1锂电池”(Tailoring polymer electrolyte solvation for 600 Wh kg−1 lithium batteries)为题，于9月24日在线发表于《自然》(Nature)。

当下固态电池在实际应用过程中仍面临两大难题：一是“固-固”材料之间因刚性接触导致的界面接触差;二是电解质难以在宽电压窗口下同时兼容高电压正极与强还原性负极的极端化学环境。

对此，张强团队提出“富阴离子溶剂化结构”设计新策略，成功开发出一种新型含氟聚醚电解质。该电解质通过热引发原位聚合技术，有效增强了固态界面的物理接触与离子传导能力，显著提升了锂电池的耐高压性能和界面稳定性。

得益于优化的界面性能，采用该电解质组装的富锂锰基聚合物电池表现出一系列优异的电化学性能。基于该电解质构建的8.96Ah(安时)聚合物软包全电池在施加1MPa(兆帕)外压下，能量密度实现跨越式提升，达到604Wh/kg，远超当下商业化电池。

此外，该电池在满充状态下顺利通过针刺与120摄氏度热箱(静置6小时)安全测试，未出现燃烧或爆炸现象，展现出优异的安全性能。未来，该研究成果有望为成熟的固态电池产品研发提供重要技术参考。

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