美国 BIS 实体清单与 50% 新规核心

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

美国 BIS 实体清单与 50% 新规核心

2025-09-30 11:21:28 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：王欣悦

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美国商务部工业与安全局(BIS)的实体清单，是针对特定实体的出口管制名单，目前全球超3000个实体在列，中国实体占比近三分之一，主要集中在半导体、AI、航天等高科技领域，被列实体需获许可证才能获取美国《出口管理条例》(EAR)管辖的两用物项。2025年9月发布的50%新规在此基础上扩大管制范围：若某实体被实体清单或军事最终用户清单(MEU)企业直接/间接累计持股50%及以上，将自动纳入同等管制，且还会叠加外国直接产品(FDP)规则(如涉美国技术生产的产品)，覆盖范围远超美国财政部OFAC的50%制裁规则。

新规对中国及全球产业链冲击显著。对中国而言，数千家关联企业将被间接管制，半导体、AI等领域首当其冲，上下游合作可能因涉美技术被迫中断，技术升级进程受抑;对全球，依赖中国原材料或零部件的跨国企业需重构供应商网络，成本上升与交付延迟成常态，同时企业合规成本激增，中小企业因筛查能力不足更易陷入被动，美国“长臂管辖”还可能延伸至马来西亚、新加坡等东南亚转运枢纽。

面对新规，中国已从政策与企业层面双管齐下应对。政策上，通过《两用物项出口管制条例》强化稀土等关键资源出口管控，审查美光等美企，还设“实体清单应急通道”支持受制裁企业攻关;企业则需重构供应链，建股权穿透审查系统，加大国产技术研发以减少对美依赖，同时积极申请BIS通用许可证，利用国内临时许可机制维持必要贸易。

从长期看，新规标志中美科技博弈进入“精准打击”阶段，美国试图通过管控压制中国科技发展，中国则以“新型举国体制”突破“卡脖子”技术。不过特朗普政府对华政策的不确定性，也给市场带来观望情绪，未来中美在高科技领域的博弈将持续影响全球格局，企业需在合规、技术自主与国际合作中寻求平衡，以应对持续挑战。

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美国 BIS 实体清单与 50% 新规核心

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