美欧贸易磋商陷僵局：钢铝关税与数字法规的博弈

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

美欧贸易磋商陷僵局：钢铝关税与数字法规的博弈

2025-11-25 16:53:37 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：王欣悦

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布鲁塞尔当地时间周一，美国商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克与贸易代表格里尔展开了自今年7月美欧达成初步贸易协议后的首次正式访欧行程。此次访问的核心议题聚焦钢铝关税减免与数字法规调整，但双方在关键诉求上的对立立场，使得谈判从一开始就陷入僵局。

卢特尼克在访问期间明确抛出“交易筹码”：欧盟需修改其现行数字法规，作为美国提出“有利钢铝协议”的交换条件。“我们正在与他们讨论取消欧盟的科技行业规定，”卢特尼克在磋商中表示，“作为交换，我们将提出一项不错的钢铁和铝协议。”他进一步强调，任何钢铝关税减免协议的达成，都必须以欧盟放宽对美国主要科技公司的监管限制为前提。

据悉，卢特尼克与格里尔已于周一会晤欧盟技术主管Henna Virkkunen，就数字法规调整议题进行专项磋商，随后与欧盟贸易部长举行工作午餐延续讨论。为增强提议吸引力，卢特尼克宣称：“如果他们放开这个监管框架，为美国企业创造更友好的环境，他们就能从数千亿，甚至万亿的投资中获益。”当前，美国对来自欧盟的钢铁和铝产品正征收高达50%的关税，这一数字较2025年3月前的标准已显著提升。

面对美方的“交易提议”，欧盟方面明确表达了反对态度。欧盟委员会副主席Teresa Ribera在周一晚些时候发布的声明中强硬表态：“欧洲的数字准则不容谈判。”她指出，欧盟制定的数字监管规则旨在确保公平市场竞争、保护消费者基本权益，同时保障欧洲数字经济的自主发展未来，这一核心目标不会因贸易谈判而动摇。

欧盟的坚定立场源于其近年来构建的完善数字监管体系。目前欧盟实施的《数字服务法案》(DSA)与《数字市场法案》(DMA)构成了监管核心框架，前者针对社交媒体、电商平台等在线服务制定安全标准，禁止定向推送未成年人广告、规范非法内容治理，后者则聚焦“守门人”平台的公平竞争义务，禁止自我优待、保障第三方服务 interoperability(互操作性)等。这些法规自2023年陆续生效以来，已成为欧盟维护数字主权的重要基石。

此次磋商的僵局并非偶然，而是美欧贸易摩擦长期化的缩影。2025年3月，美国取消欧盟钢铝关税豁免并将税率统一提升至25%后，欧盟随即宣布对价值260亿欧元的美国商品启动反制关税，双方贸易摩擦一度升级。尽管4月欧盟同意将反制措施暂停90天以预留谈判空间，但核心分歧始终未能弥合。美方试图以关税减免为杠杆突破欧盟数字监管壁垒，而欧盟则坚守监管主权，这场围绕经济利益与规则主导权的博弈仍将持续。

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美欧贸易磋商陷僵局：钢铝关税与数字法规的博弈

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