美国对华铝制电线电缆双反措施再延长中国产业面临持续贸易壁垒

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

美国对华铝制电线电缆双反措施再延长中国产业面临持续贸易壁垒

2025-03-17 10:34:06 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：管理员

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2025 年 3 月 11 日，美国商务部发布公告，对进口自中国的铝制电线电缆作出第一次反倾销和反补贴快速日落复审终裁，认定若取消现行措施，中国涉案产品将以 63.47% 的倾销幅度继续冲击美国市场，同时补贴行为可能以 33.44%-165.63% 的税率卷土重来。这一裁决标志着美国对中国铝制品持续七年的贸易限制进一步强化，对中美铝产业链合作及全球市场格局产生深远影响。

七年调查历程贸易壁垒层层加码

此次终裁是美国对华铝制电线电缆系列调查的延续。2018 年 10 月，美国商务部首次发起反倾销和反补贴调查，次年 10 月裁定对中国产品征收高额关税。2024 年 11 月，美国启动第一次日落复审程序，由商务部和国际贸易委员会（ITC）分别对倾销补贴幅度及产业损害进行审查。根据流程，ITC 需在终裁后 45 天内作出产业损害认定，若获肯定，则现行双反税率将继续维持五年。

数据显示，自 2017 年以来，美国通过 “双反” 关税、232 条款等手段对华铝制品实施多重限制，涉及铝箔、铝板带、铝挤压材等多个品类。尽管如此，中国铝制品凭借产业链优势及技术竞争力，仍保持对美出口韧性。2022 年中国对美铝制品出口额达 16.99 亿美元，占全球出口总额的 13.2%，美国连续 17 年稳居中国铝产品第一大出口市场。

技术壁垒与市场依赖并存

美国商务部在终裁中强调，中国企业通过原材料加工转移至东南亚国家（如柬埔寨）进行组装，试图规避贸易壁垒。然而，2024 年 12 月美国针对此类反规避调查的终裁显示，部分企业并未构成实质性规避行为，侧面反映中国铝制品在全球供应链中的不可替代性。

中国有色金属加工工业协会数据显示，2024 年中国铝线缆出口量虽同比下滑 21.13%，但钢芯铝绞线等高端产品出口仍保持增长。行业专家指出，美国本土铝加工产能不足，尤其在建筑、电力等领域对中国中低端产品存在刚性需求，贸易限制措施反而推高了美国下游企业的采购成本。

产业链博弈下的应对策略

面对持续升级的贸易摩擦，中国铝加工企业正加速技术升级与市场多元化布局。一方面，通过智能化改造提升产品附加值，例如铝合金导线、超高压电缆等高端产品研发已取得突破；另一方面，积极开拓东南亚、中东等新兴市场，2024 年对加纳、马来西亚等国的铝线缆出口占比升至 29%。

业内人士建议，中国企业应加强与国际标准接轨，完善反倾销应诉机制，并借助区域全面经济伙伴关系协定（RCEP）等框架深化产业链合作。同时，需警惕美国通过 “友岸外包” 策略重构供应链，进一步分化全球铝贸易格局。

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美国对华铝制电线电缆双反措施再延长 中国产业面临持续贸易壁垒

七年调查历程 贸易壁垒层层加码

技术壁垒与市场依赖并存

产业链博弈下的应对策略

有色金属报告推荐

美国对华铝制电线电缆双反措施再延长中国产业面临持续贸易壁垒

七年调查历程贸易壁垒层层加码