First Quantum面临巴拿马民间压力：101个组织联合要求永久关闭Cobre Panama铜矿

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

First Quantum面临巴拿马民间压力：101个组织联合要求永久关闭Cobre Panama铜矿

2025-06-24 09:31:31 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：韩泽楷

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加拿大矿业巨头第一量子矿产（First Quantum Minerals, TSX: FM）近期因旗下Cobre Panama铜矿的存续问题与巴拿马民间社会矛盾加剧。今日，包括MiningWatch Canada在内的101个国际民间社会组织向公司CEO特里斯坦·帕斯卡尔（Tristan Pascall）及董事会主席联合致信，要求其：

永久关闭Cobre Panama矿场，放弃重启运营计划；
撤回针对巴拿马政府的国际仲裁（索赔额超200亿美元）；
承担环境修复责任，解决尾矿坝溃坝风险及水源污染问题。

抗议根源：法律违宪与生态危机

两次违宪判决：巴拿马最高法院于2017年、2023年两次裁定该矿合同违宪（分别违反5项和25项宪法条款），主因未履行公开招标程序。
民众持续抗争：2023年爆发长达39天全国性抗议，口号“巴拿马无矿更有价”（Panama is worth more without mining）成为社会共识，迫使政府颁布新矿禁令。
环境风险高企：最新报告显示，矿场尾矿坝因监测设备失效、内部侵蚀面临“迫在眉睫的溃坝风险”，且已导致周边土著社区水源污染、物种消失及健康危机。

公司行动与争议 尽管最高法院判决后矿场自2023年11月停产，First Quantum仍采取争议性举措：

发起国际仲裁：通过《加拿大-巴拿马自贸协定》索赔200亿美元（占巴拿马GDP 25%），被联合国专家谴责“妨碍国家环保义务”。
谋求重启谈判：2025年4月与巴拿马新总统穆里诺（José Raúl Mulino）探讨“政府合作运营”或“重启后关闭”方案，但遭议会、工会及民间强烈反对。
近期让步：2025年4月暂停仲裁程序，5月获准出口12.1万吨库存铜精矿以资助矿场维护，但仍未承诺永久关闭。

民间质疑与未来挑战 组织在公开信中强调：

First Quantum始终忽视社区自决权，其所谓‘负责任采矿’承诺与尾矿坝监测缺失、法律规避行为严重矛盾。

随着巴拿马全国罢工持续，社会对矿业改革诉求愈发强烈。First Quantum一季度财报显示净亏损7200万美元，若持续陷入法律与环境纠纷，其债务履约能力（如与江西铜业的5亿美元协议）或进一步承压。

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First Quantum面临巴拿马民间压力：101个组织联合要求永久关闭Cobre Panama铜矿

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