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美国DFC就Lobito铁路走廊5亿美元融资与安哥拉托克持续谈判

2025-06-24 10:03:59 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：韩泽楷

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美国国际开发金融公司（DFC）投资主管康纳·科尔曼（Conor Coleman）今日在罗安达举行的美非商业峰会上确认，DFC正与安哥拉政府及大宗商品贸易巨头托克（Trafigura）就5.53亿美元融资方案展开积极谈判，以推进连接非洲铜矿带与大西洋港口的战略铁路项目——Lobito走廊。该项目旨在打通刚果（金）和赞比亚铜钴矿产的出口新通道，降低运输成本并减少对传统路线的依赖。

谈判核心进展与争议点

长期谈判未决： DFC于2023年首次宣布审查该融资计划，但截至2025年6月，协议条款仍未敲定。科尔曼强调延误“与特朗普政府对DFC的政策调整无关”，并称机构运作“一切如常”。
- 安哥拉方解释：经济协调国务部长若泽·马萨诺（José de Lima Massano）指出，合同条款中的担保要求是主要障碍，需平衡私营投资风险与公共利益。
资金用途与规模：
- 融资总额中，5.53亿美元将用于升级安哥拉境内约1,300公里的铁路线及洛比托港口设施，提升矿产运输效率。
- 项目由托克葡萄牙Mota-Engil及比利时Vecturis组成的财团运营，总投资额达4.5亿美元，涵盖铁路修缮车辆采购及安全升级。

地缘战略意义

挑战中国主导地位：美国将Lobito走廊视为抗衡中国在非矿产供应链的关键布局。科尔曼直言：“中国将在非洲开采的矿产全部运回国内加工，这不符合非洲国家利益。”美国则推动矿产本地化加工，以提升非洲资源附加值。
经济与安全双目标：项目预计将铜钴运输时间缩短至原路线的1/3（见图），降低物流成本30%以上，并激活此前因成本过高无法开采的矿藏。

延伸风险与配套行动

政治不确定性：特朗普政府虽支持非洲矿产开发，但其政策反复性可能影响后续资金落实，尤其涉及联邦拨款及USAID配套项目。
关联投资协同： DFC同步推进安哥拉稀土项目（向Pensana提供340万美元技术援助）及农业加工贷款（与Carrinho集团洽谈），强化区域产业多元性。

各方表态

DFC声明：“我们坚定致力于此项目，正不懈推动其落地”。托克财团：铁路运营权为期30年，已承诺创造1,600个岗位，并完成1,100吨铜矿试运输（科卢韦齐→洛比托港）。

背景链接：Lobito走廊是G7“全球基础设施与投资伙伴关系”（PGII）旗舰项目，美欧总投资意向达60亿美元。若建成，将成为非洲首条横贯大陆铁路，改写全球关键矿产贸易格局。

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