莫桑比克莫扎尔电解铝厂面临税收审查与电力供应危机

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

莫桑比克莫扎尔电解铝厂面临税收审查与电力供应危机

2025-08-25 18:03:47 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：王欣悦

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2025年8月22日，莫桑比克政府在波尔图召开新闻发布会，政府发言人伊诺森西奥・因皮萨(InocêncioImpissa)指出，该国最大工业企业莫扎尔(Mozal)电解铝厂的税收贡献“极低”，并表示将推进对其税收义务的重新审查。

莫扎尔电解铝厂作为非洲第二大电解铝厂，拥有约5000名员工，对莫桑比克经济有着重要影响，贡献了该国约3.2%的国内生产总值(GDP)。然而，令人惊讶的是，其税收占比却不足国家财政收入的0.2%。这一巨大反差引发了政府的高度关注。

因电力供应合同将于2026年3月到期且无延续保障，莫扎尔电解铝厂早在8月14日就宣布将削减投资并解雇合同工，仅维持运营至合同终止。主导该企业的澳大利亚南32公司(South32)表示，正积极与莫桑比克政府、卡奥拉巴萨水电站(HCB)及南非国家电力公司(Eskom)协商，力求获得“充足且可负担的电力供应”以延续运营。

因皮萨承认，若莫扎尔电解铝厂停产，将对国家经济产生负面影响，因此呼吁加快与该企业的谈判进程。他强调，需重新评估适用于莫扎尔电解铝厂的税收优惠政策及其他权益，在保障企业合法收益的同时，确保莫桑比克获得应有利益。目前，莫扎尔电解铝厂消耗了该国近一半的发电量，占GDP比重不低于3%，其运营状况对莫桑比克经济的稳定至关重要。

关于电力供应问题，早在7月15日，莫桑比克政府曾表示，对莫扎尔的供电不会中断，但要求由国有电力公司EDM保障供应。因皮萨在22日进一步说明，受区域干旱影响，卡奥拉巴萨水电站储水量不足，2026年后最多只能向莫扎尔提供350兆瓦电力，而莫扎尔的需求为950兆瓦。剩余600兆瓦需由南非Eskom公司供应，但若按莫扎尔电解铝厂提议的电价交易，莫桑比克将因远低于发电及运输成本而遭受重大损失。政府提出，HCB将以覆盖成本的最低价向莫扎尔供应350兆瓦电力，并包含2028年计划的价格调整机制。

8月25日(周一)，莫桑比克总统公开反对莫扎尔电解铝厂提出的电价方案，认为这将导致HCB崩溃，并拒绝接受该企业以停产相威胁。目前，莫扎尔电解铝厂的电力由南非Eskom公司供应，而Eskom所需电力66%来自HCB(2024年数据)。莫桑比克政府正寻求改变这一局面，根据2024年发布的《2050年能源转型战略》，计划自2030年起将HCB电力转为国内使用，停止对南非的出口。

莫扎尔电解铝厂的未来充满不确定性，其与政府在税收和电力供应上的争议如何解决，将对莫桑比克的经济发展产生深远影响。

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莫桑比克莫扎尔电解铝厂面临税收审查与电力供应危机

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