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致命矿难震动智利，全球最大地下铜矿加速自动化改革

2025-10-15 09:38:46 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：韩泽楷

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7 月发生的致命矿难造成 6 名工人遇难，这起事故成为智利数十年来最严重的矿业灾难。此后，智利国有铜业巨头智利国家铜业公司(Codelco)计划加快其 El Teniente 铜矿的自动化进程。

该公司董事长马克西莫・帕切科(Máximo Pacheco)表示，Codelco 正与科技公司、设备供应商及工会展开磋商，以加快推进 “人员撤离高风险区域” 的工作，并扩大远程控制与自动化系统的应用范围。

“我们计划深化并加速这一进程，” 帕切科称，“相关工作已在推进中 —— 核心目标是让人员撤离一线作业岗位，并用远程控制和自动化系统替代这些工作。”

7 月 31 日的矿岩崩塌事故，不仅引发了行业对安全问题的重新审视，还扰乱了 El Teniente 铜矿的运营并造成经济损失。这座铜矿是全球最大的地下铜矿。目前推进的自动化改造，也是 Codelco 整体战略的一部分：随着矿石品位下降，企业需开采更多矿石才能产出同等规模的铜金属，此举旨在应对由此带来的成本上涨问题。

尽管露天矿通过自动驾驶卡车和自动化加工系统，已实现显著成本节约，但 El Teniente 这样的地下矿运营面临更大技术挑战，自动化能带来的收益也更为有限。即便如此，Codelco 仍将提升自动化水平视为关键举措，认为这既能保障产量，又能改善安全状况。

全球铜供应趋紧。清洁能源转型与数据中心快速发展推动铜需求激增，而 El Teniente 铜矿的崩塌事故，进一步加剧了全球铜供应的一系列挫折。

在印尼，自由港麦克莫兰公司旗下的 Grasberg 铜矿因致命泥石流事故(造成 7 名工人遇难)暂停运营。

在秘鲁，Hudbay Minerals 因政治动荡，暂停了其 Constancia 铜矿的一座选矿厂运营。

5 月，地震活动与洪水迫使艾芬豪矿业公司(Ivanhoe Mines)临时关闭其卡莫阿 - 卡库拉(Kamoa-Kakula)铜矿，并撤回 2025 年生产预测。

全球最大铜矿 —— 智利 Escondida 铜矿 8 月产量降至 10.51 万吨，略低于 7 月水平。

由英美资源集团与嘉能可合资运营的 Collahuasi 铜矿，虽实现月度小幅增产，但受矿石品质下降影响，产量仍远低于去年同期。

泰克资源公司也因旗下 Quebrada Blanca 铜矿与 Highland Valley 铜矿持续面临运营挑战，下调了 2025 年铜产量预期。

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