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五矿资源上调秘鲁矿区非法采矿铜损失预估至9万吨

2025-10-20 13:57:38 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：韩泽楷

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中资矿业企业五矿资源有限公司(MMG Ltd.)上调了其秘鲁矿区内非法采矿造成的铜矿损失预估数值，该区域原定用于公司下一处露天矿场建设。

根据五矿资源最新披露的信息，过去 15 年间，该公司认定的“非法采矿者”已从其 Las Bambas 项目的拟议矿场中开采约 9 万吨铜。这一数值较 2024 年年中时 7.4 万吨的先期预估有所增加。

尽管开采量仅占 Las Bambas 总资源量的较小部分，但非法采矿的影响仍不容忽视——其集中区域是五矿资源投资计划中关键的待开发地段。该公司计划在这片区域建设第三个露天矿场“Sulfobamba”，而当地潘普塔(Pamputa)原住民社区已在此处采矿，并将自身行为自行定义为“手工采矿”。

作为矿区特许权持有方，五矿资源拥有该区域的矿产所有权，但需先行收购潘普塔社区的土地方能建设矿场。然而，该社区选择扩大自身的铜矿开采规模。

五矿资源的数据显示，过去两年间，该区域三分之一的铜矿开采活动由非法采矿构成。受金属价格飙升推动，秘鲁贫困乡村地区的非法采矿活动已呈现激增态势。按当前铜价计算，9 万吨铜矿价值约 9.5 亿美元。

“秘鲁政府将采矿特许权授予了 Las Bambas 项目，但之后却未能提供有效保护，”前秘鲁矿业部官员、同时为面临社会冲突的矿业公司提供咨询服务的巴勃罗・奥布莱恩(Pablo O’Brien)表示，“这种情况损害了该国在国际投资者眼中的形象。”

近几个月来，Las Bambas 一直是秘鲁最大的铜矿供应商，其产量约占全球铜矿开采总量的 2%。该项目建设成本达 100 亿美元，仍是秘鲁历史上规模最大的单笔投资项目。作为中国五矿集团(China Minmetals Corp.)的子公司，五矿资源于 2014 年从嘉能可(Glencore Plc)手中收购了该矿区特许权，相关设施自 2016 年起投入运营。

为获取这片计划于本世纪 30 年代中期投产区域的使用权，五矿资源已针对潘普塔社区的采矿者提起逾 100 起非法采矿诉讼。目前，这些非法采矿者正通过律师进行辩护。

阿普里马克(Apurímac)原住民采矿社区联合会负责人表示，在该区域采矿的均为手工采矿者，他们拥有祖先遗留的土地所有权主张、土地所有权及临时采矿许可，这些权利足以对抗五矿资源的合同权利。

五矿资源在今年早些时候表示，秘鲁全国范围内此类非法采矿活动的增加，“可能对未来的大型投资产生影响”。

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