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秘鲁总统候选人拟废除闲置矿权，全球矿业巨头面临冲击

2025-11-07 10:12:50 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：韩泽楷

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秘鲁一位保守派总统候选人正承诺推行一项重大政策变革，这正是采矿行业最为担忧的情况：废除闲置项目的核心勘探许可，并重新分配这些权益。

这项提议令在秘鲁运营的全球矿业公司深感棘手。这些企业正日益与非正规从业者争夺富含矿产的土地控制权。矿业公司称这些从业者为非法采矿者，而小型采矿者则指责企业数十年囤积土地却不进行开采。

“如果正规采矿行业不加以利用，闲置区域将收归国有，” 曾任利马市长的拉斐尔・洛佩斯・阿利亚加（Rafael Lopez Aliaga）表示。洛佩斯・阿利亚加是在秘鲁顶级的本土企业高管聚会——CADE年度商业论坛上发表上述言论的，这对采矿行业而言无疑难以接受，也意味着其他候选人可能会纷纷效仿。

“他们既不自己开采，也不允许他人开采，” 他表示，“这种事只有在秘鲁才会发生。”

矿产权益可能被废除的担忧，一直是行业内部私下讨论的最大顾虑，但鲜少公开提及。一旦落实，这一政策可能对秘鲁最大的产业，以及南方铜业公司（Southern Copper Corp）、五矿资源有限公司（MMG Ltd）和第一量子矿业公司（First Quantum Minerals）等大型企业产生巨大影响。企业表示，它们的部分矿产特许权已被非法采矿者侵占。

在超过30名候选人的分散阵营中，洛佩斯・阿利亚加目前处于领先地位。益普索（Ipsos）民调显示，他的支持率约为10%。秘鲁将于4月举行大选，恰逢黄金和铜价历史性飙升，促使数十万秘鲁人投身非正规小型采矿，这对现有行业构成了威胁。

近年来，小型采矿行业已成为一股独立的政治力量，曾推动多名部长下台，并在国会成功为非正规采矿者的一项争议性许可争取到延期。

秘鲁是全球第三大铜生产国，同时也是黄金、白银和锌的主要生产国。

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