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肯联铝业CEO疾呼：欧盟应取消碳边境税避免铝行业陷入衰退

2025-12-08 17:05:35 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：王欣悦

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12月5日，全球领先的铝制品生产商肯联铝业(Constellium)首席执行官Jean-Marc Germain公开表态，强烈呼吁欧盟取消即将实施的碳边境调整机制(CBAM，俗称“碳边境税”)。他警告称，这一政策将通过推高行业成本、让高污染海外供应商获利，使欧盟铝行业面临长期衰退风险。

“关于CBAM，首先要做的就是根除它，摆脱它。”Germain在声明中态度坚决，“问题的核心是欧洲的竞争力。我们正在故意搬起石头砸自己的脚。”作为全球航空、汽车及包装铝产品领域的头部供应商，肯联铝业的立场颇具行业代表性——其业务模式以采购欧洲本土铝原料、在当地工厂加工为主，虽当前欧洲产铝暂不受碳边境税约束，但政策预期已开始冲击产业链。

市场数据已印证这种冲击。受CBAM即将加征的预期，以及市场对冰岛、莫桑比克等关键铝冶炼厂供应稳定性的担忧，欧洲现货铝升水已攀升至10个月以来的高点。Germain解释，铝升水的上涨意味着全渠道铝产品成本增加，“无论铝原料来源如何，所有供应都变得更为昂贵”，这将直接导致肯联铝业在欧洲的工业客户面临显著的成本通胀压力。

Germain特别指出了CBAM政策存在的关键漏洞，而这一漏洞正成为海外供应商的“避税通道”。根据现行规则，海外企业可通过向欧盟出口铝废料规避碳税征收——因CBAM当前 methodology将重熔铝废料认定为“零排放”，无需承担碳成本;更有甚者，部分供应商可将低碳铝销往欧洲以符合环保要求，同时将高碳铝供应给其他碳政策宽松地区，形成“双重标准”的获利模式。

据了解，CBAM作为欧盟应对“碳泄漏”的核心政策工具，将于2026年进入正式征税阶段，2034年实现全额征收，铝行业是首批覆盖的高耗能行业之一。尽管欧盟于2025年10月通过CBAM简化条例，引入50吨/年的进口豁免门槛等减负措施，但在行业看来，核心矛盾仍未解决。数据显示，铝废料占全球铝市场份额近半，这一漏洞可能导致欧洲本土回收企业未来面临超过10%的成本劣势，单位成本差异或达200欧元/吨以上。

值得关注的是，2026年CBAM实施后，欧洲地区铝成本预计将增加20至50美元/吨。对于以欧洲为核心市场的肯联铝业而言，成本传导压力与政策漏洞的双重影响，使其成为政策反对者的代表。目前，欧盟委员会已计划在2025年底前提交CBAM全面审查报告，评估政策优化及范围扩展的可能性，但行业对政策调整的迫切性需求显然更为强烈。

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肯联铝业CEO疾呼：欧盟应取消碳边境税 避免铝行业陷入衰退

肯联铝业CEO疾呼：欧盟应取消碳边境税避免铝行业陷入衰退