欧盟启动铝进口调查应对美关税冲击全球贸易战风险持续升级

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

欧盟启动铝进口调查应对美关税冲击全球贸易战风险持续升级

2025-03-18 09:45:16 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：管理员

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2025 年 3 月 17 日，据英国《金融时报》援引欧盟内部文件披露，欧盟委员会计划于次日（3 月 18 日）正式宣布对铝进口展开全面调查，以应对美国近期升级的钢铝关税政策可能引发的贸易转移危机。此次调查将覆盖所有贸易伙伴，旨在核查是否存在因美国关税导致的铝产品进口激增，并为后续可能实施的反制措施提供依据。

美关税升级触发连锁反应
美国政府于 3 月 12 日宣布对全球进口钢铝产品加征 25% 关税，这一举措不仅取消了欧盟、加拿大等传统盟友的豁免资格，还将征税范围扩展至铝制品及衍生部件。欧盟委员会在文件中指出，美国关税可能导致全球钢铁过剩产能转向欧洲市场，进一步加剧欧盟本土铝业的生存压力 —— 过去十年间，欧盟铝生产商已流失大量市场份额，叠加能源价格高企与需求疲软，行业处境雪上加霜。

欧盟多管齐下应对危机
除铝进口调查外，欧盟同步推进多项应对措施：一是收紧钢铁进口关税制度漏洞，防止第三国通过转口贸易规避限制；二是计划于 4 月启动对价值 260 亿欧元的美国商品反制关税，涉及波本威士忌、摩托车等标志性产品；三是拟在 2025 年第四季度修订碳边境税（CBAM），将钢铁、铝密集型下游产品纳入征收范围。此外，欧盟还考虑限制废金属出口，以缓解本土钢铁制造商原材料短缺问题。

行业与专家警示经济冲击
美国驻欧盟商会 AmCham EU 最新报告显示，美欧关税冲突已危及每年 9.5 万亿美元的跨大西洋商业活动。标普全球分析指出，美国扩大征税范围将导致约 1500 亿美元进口消费品成本上升，涵盖家电、建筑材料等领域。欧盟铝业协会则警告，若贸易战持续升级，欧洲铝产业链可能面临 20% 的产能流失。

多边博弈下的全球贸易前景
此次欧盟的反制举措延续了其在特朗普第一任期时的策略，但力度与针对性显著增强。分析认为，欧盟此举旨在通过 “精准报复” 向美国施压，同时为谈判争取筹码。然而，经济学家普遍担忧，关税壁垒叠加能源危机与地缘政治紧张，可能进一步拖累全球经济增速。国际货币基金组织近期已将 2025 年全球 GDP 增长预期从 2.5% 下调至 2.1%，并警告贸易保护主义抬头将加剧市场分化。

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欧盟启动铝进口调查应对美关税冲击 全球贸易战风险持续升级

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欧盟启动铝进口调查应对美关税冲击全球贸易战风险持续升级