科学家找到从酸性矿井废水中提取稀土的有效方法

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

科学家找到从酸性矿井废水中提取稀土的有效方法

2025-03-31 13:16:19 来源：稀土在线责任编辑：管理员

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宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究人员开发了一种酸性矿井废水的两阶段处理工艺，使他们能够使用比以前更少的化学品回收更高浓度的稀土元素。

在《化学工程杂志》上发表的一篇论文中，科学家表示，阿巴拉契亚山脉煤矿开采产生的AMD 代表了一种很有前途的国内稀土来源，因为它通常含有高浓度的矿物，而且由于环境问题，它已经被收集和处理。

通过降低回收成本，新的处理方法可以使美国稀土元素市场更具竞争力

这种残留物是在采矿活动出土的黄铁矿（硫化铁）与水和空气相互作用，然后氧化，产生硫酸时产生的。然后酸会分解周围的岩石，导致有毒金属溶解到水中。

传统的处理方法是将 AMD 收集到池塘中，然后添加化学物质来中和 pH 值。这会导致溶解的金属沉淀并从水中沉淀出来。使用此工艺可以提取高达 70% 的稀土元素作为污泥，其余的则与处理过的水一起排放。

该研究的主要作者 Behzad Vaziri Hassas 和他的同事发现，通过向 AMD 中添加二氧化碳，然后将其 pH 值调至中性 7，可以提取更高浓度的稀土和其他关键矿物，这是环境修复的目标。

其工作原理是二氧化碳发生化学反应，形成固体矿物质碳酸盐。稀土元素与多余的碳酸盐结合，在 pH 值较低时从水中沉淀出来。

研究人员在文章中报告称，使用这种方法，当 pH 值为 5 时可回收 90% 的铝，当 pH 值为 7 时可回收 85% 的稀土元素。

他们表示，要用传统处理方法从AMD中回收相同浓度的稀土元素，需要添加额外的化学物质来将pH值提高到7以上。因此，他们认为，通过降低回收成本，新的处理方法可以使国内稀土元素市场更具竞争力。

该研究的作者之一 Mohammad Rezaee 在一份媒体声明中表示：“通过对现有处理工艺进行简单修改，行业可以使用更少的化学品，并从 AMD 废料中获得更多价值。”

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科学家找到从酸性矿井废水中提取稀土的有效方法

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