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美国铜业喊话特朗普：勿征收进口关税，建议限制出口扶持本土产能

2025-04-16 09:05:57 来源：财联社责任编辑：韩泽楷

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美国铜金属行业的主要企业呼吁美国总统特朗普不要对铜进口征收关税，而是通过限制铜矿石和废铜的出口来推动本土生产。

今年2月时，特朗普签署行政命令，要求美国商务部针对美国进口铜的情况进行“232调查”，意味着美国“关税大棒”可能已瞄向进口铜。

这一举动打乱了全球市场，使美国铜价相较国际基准LME的铜价大幅溢价，并引发全球范围的“抢铜潮”，企业纷纷赶在潜在关税生效前将铜运往美国。

在美国商务部进行的232调查的公开意见征集中，矿业巨头力拓集团、铜线制造商南方电缆（Southwire）、贸易商托克集团等，均建议美国政府应限制铜出口，而不是对进口铜征税。

力拓在反馈中写道：“特朗普政府应考虑对美国本土生产的铜精矿和废铜实施出口限制。”南方电缆则指出，“政府应以监管改革和限制美国铜出口为主要手段，推动美国铜行业发展。”

据了解，美国是全球最大的废铜出口国，也出口铜矿。但同时，由于本土的精炼产能不足，美国企业仍需大量进口精炼铜金属。因此，他们希望特朗普不要对金属铜征收进口关税。

托克集团认为，潜在的关税应针对铜制成品，如铜线材、铜管、铜带等。这家全球最大铜贸易商还建议美国政府“对精炼铜进口暂不征税，直到新的采矿和冶炼产能建成。”

美国铜矿开采商自由港麦克莫兰（Freeport-McMoRan）没有对关税发表具体建议，但该公司强调美国应支持自由贸易，“与美国盟友促进自由公平的贸易将确保美国的铜供应需求得到满足。”

自由港麦克莫兰在调查反馈中写道，“2024年，美国从智利、加拿大、秘鲁等国进口了约50%的阴极铜需求，由于美国没有潜在的生产能力，这对于需求是必要的。”

美国公司们还推出了一系列支持美国铜业发展的建议，包括引入税收抵免政策、简化新矿许可流程，以及对含铜量较高的半成品进口征税等。不少企业指出，当前最大的挑战之一是如何鼓励对新冶炼产能的投资。

全美目前仅有三座铜冶炼厂，其中之一的海登工厂处于停产状态。该厂的所有者Asarco LLC在提交中请求放宽排放检测要求，以便能够重启生产。

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