印度依据 WTO 规则首次正式反制美钢铝关税，拟加征 19.1 亿美元精准打击美政治经济敏感领域

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

印度依据 WTO 规则首次正式反制美钢铝关税，拟加征 19.1 亿美元精准打击美政治经济敏感领域

2025-05-15 08:49:49 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：管理员

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5月12日，印度政府致函WTO，提议对美征收19.1亿美元报复性关税，以抵消美国钢铝关税对印76亿美元出口造成的损失，这是印度首次正式反制特朗普第二任期关税政策。

核心争议与反制依据

美国2025年3月起对进口钢铝加征25%关税，称基于“国家安全”，但印度认为其构成违规“保障措施”——美国未按WTO《保障措施协定》通报磋商，且2022年同类措施已被WTO裁定违规却拒不执行。印方依据协定第12.5条，主张“暂停减让”权利，若美30日内未回应，拟6月8日实施关税。

潜在博弈与影响

印度未公布具体商品清单，但可能瞄准美国农产品（如中西部主产的鹰嘴豆、坚果）、化工品（柠檬酸等）及制造业产品（汽车零部件），精准打击美政治经济敏感领域。美国或采取反制：扩大关税战至印度医药、纺织等支柱产业；借双边贸易谈判施压，要求数字税、知识产权让步；甚至在印巴问题等政治领域报复。

此次争端凸显WTO机制困境——美国阻挠上诉机构致裁决执行失效，印度只能依赖“暂停减让”自助。专家指出，这也推动各国反思“国家安全”条款滥用问题。

战略意图与风险

印度钢铁对美出口占比仅0.1%，短期直接冲击有限，但需警惕美国扩大报复范围（印对美贸易顺差457亿美元，医药、IT行业承压）。此举更深层是印在中美博弈中争取战略自主：中美关税降级后，印度通过强硬姿态提升谈判筹码，同时借WTO维护发展中国家权益，推动规则改革。

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印度依据 WTO 规则首次正式反制美钢铝关税，拟加征 19.1 亿美元精准打击美政治经济敏感领域

核心争议与反制依据

潜在博弈与影响

战略意图与风险

有色金属报告推荐