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中国海关扣押了部分稀土磁体出口

2025-05-27 09:43:51 来源：ming.com 责任编辑：管理员

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有消息称，由于对北京出口管制措施的适用规则存在不清晰地带，中国海关正在扣留部分用于家电和消费电子领域的低性能稀土磁体货物。

稀土磁体由 17 种稀土元素中的部分元素混合制成，元素配比决定了磁体性能。高性能磁体用于汽车、风力涡轮机和战斗机，而低性能磁体则用于消费电子和家用电器。

然而，尽管不同性能磁体的化学成分存在差异，中国海关网站仅为稀土磁体列出单一商品编码。

今年 4 月，中国政府对多种高性能稀土磁体及其他稀土产品实施出口限制时，并未将部分低性能磁体纳入限制范围。但两名知情人士称，由于低性能磁体与受限制产品共享同一编码标识，海关官员已至少扣留了两批相关货物。消息人士因事件敏感要求匿名，他们表示，即便出口商提供文件证明所涉磁体类型未被限制，货物仍未能出境。

中国商务部和海关未回应路透社的置评请求。

欧洲汽车零部件及家电制造商博世（Bosch）表示，用于电动机和消费品的关键稀土供应瓶颈正在影响其供应商，后者不得不提供大量详细信息以获取出口许可证。

博世发言人称：“自 4 月以来，我们的供应商为各类稀土产品申请出口许可证的流程复杂且耗时，部分原因是需要收集和提供大量信息。”

不过，并非所有出口都受海关延误影响。家电企业伊莱克斯（Electrolux）和斯麦格（Smeg）的官员均向路透社表示，他们未遇到相关问题。

海关数据显示，中国永磁体出口量在 4 月（即实施管制后的首月）下降 51%，至 2626 吨。今年第一季度出口量为 15,267 吨。

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