乌克兰重整矿产行业寄望美乌协议引入数十亿美元投资

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

乌克兰重整矿产行业寄望美乌协议引入数十亿美元投资

2025-06-04 10:53:10 来源：矿业报责任编辑：潘利军

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乌克兰生态部长表示，该国正全面改革被三年战争重创的矿产行业，希望释放资源潜力，并通过与美国的矿产协议吸引数十亿美元投资。

乌克兰拥有欧盟认定的34种关键矿产中的22种，涵盖国防、高科技设备、绿色能源等产业所需资源，还包括建筑用铁合金、贵金属、有色金属以及部分稀土元素。然而，受苏联时期官僚体系和投资匮乏的拖累，该行业大部分领域仍未充分开发。

经过数月艰难谈判，基辅与美国于今年 4 月达成一项矿产协议，该协议由美国总统唐纳德・特朗普大力推动。协议设立的基金已于5月23日启动，资金将来自乌克兰新发放的采矿许可证收入，并用于投资矿产项目。

生态部长：协议将激活行业潜力

生态部长斯维特拉娜・赫林丘克在接受路透社采访时表示，乌克兰希望该基金能大幅提升矿产行业潜力，但她指出开采是资本密集型的长期任务。
“目前，自然资源行业占GDP的4%，但潜力远不止于此。” 她周一晚间表示，未透露具体预测数据。
“我们真心希望这项协议能让更多人关注该行业，让外国投资更易理解、更具吸引力。”

由于冲突仍在持续，乌克兰约一半的矿产资源和五分之一的领土目前处于俄罗斯占领之下。该国已失去大部分煤炭储量，以及部分锂、锰等矿产资源。赫林丘克估计，由于领土被占和长达1000多公里战线上的战斗，该行业损失约70万亿格里夫纳（约1.7万亿美元）。

她透露，乌克兰去年底更新了资源行业战略，目前正重点改善地质勘探信息和数据的获取渠道，减少官僚程序，并最终确定对经济至关重要的关键和战略矿产清单。这项工作也是乌克兰推动加入欧盟进程的一部分，基辅希望在2030年入盟。

苏联遗产拖累：数据数字化与许可证整顿

赫林丘克表示，政府正与欧盟委员会和欧洲复兴开发银行合作开展一个多年项目，计划将80%的苏联时期地质数据数字化，目前完成度约40%。
政府还在审查现有的3000份采矿许可证，据她估计，其中约10%可能处于闲置状态。
“如果资产有运营潜力，我们无意收回。我们关注的是那些对国家有价值、但已闲置 10 年以上的资产，要对其做出适当管理决策，让它们重新投入流通。” 她说，许可证审查将在今明两年完成。

尽管面临战争挑战，政府仍继续拍卖采矿许可证，去年通过拍卖 120 份许可证筹集24亿格里夫纳。今年希望通过类似方式充实国库，目前已发放 32 份许可证，大部分用于建筑材料（如粘土、沙子、大理石、花岗岩）开采，也包括琥珀。

她指出，目前投资者以国内为主，主要关注油气勘探许可证，以及钛、石墨、锰等矿产。

美乌协议：象征意义大于实质进展？

值得注意的是，这项美乌矿产协议是在总统弗拉基米尔・泽连斯基与特朗普 2 月白宫会晤时发生争执的背景下达成的。乌克兰官员称，上周双方交换了使联合投资基金运作的最终文件，但项目落地尚需时日。

美国财政部长斯科特・贝森特称该协议为 “全面经济伙伴关系”，赋予美国优先获取乌克兰新矿产协议的权利，并将帮助资助乌克兰重建。

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乌克兰重整矿产行业 寄望美乌协议引入数十亿美元投资

苏联遗产拖累：数据数字化与许可证整顿

美乌协议：象征意义大于实质进展？

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乌克兰重整矿产行业寄望美乌协议引入数十亿美元投资