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多方关注中国强化管控稀土出口，商务部：对符合规定的申请，中方将予以批准

2025-06-06 09:22:47 来源：环球时报责任编辑：潘利军

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路透社5日引述知情人士的消息称，中国已针对稀土磁铁行业引入追踪系统，这是自今年4月中国对稀土相关物项实施出口管制以来，进一步收紧对这一战略资源的出口管制。多家外媒近日报道称，稀土全球供应正在萎缩，一些国家担忧汽车等行业的生产受到影响，为此倍感焦虑。

中国政府今年4月对七类中重稀土元素及若干磁铁实施出口限制，要求出口商申请许可。据路透社报道，知情人士最新透露称，中国已在稀土磁铁行业全面启用追踪系统，要求稀土磁铁生产商在线申报更多信息，包括交易量及客户名称。

路透社称，最新审查机制显示，中国对稀土及磁铁产品的出口管制可能正朝着常态化方向发展。

外媒提到，中国是全球最大的稀土磁铁供应国和出口国，其稀土出口限制政策影响深远，尤其是对美国。据《纽约时报》3日报道，4月受到中国限制的七类稀土产品被广泛用于汽车行业，此外，半导体、医学成像化学品、机器人、海上风力涡轮机等厂商以及众多军用硬件制造商也需要这些稀土。

《纽约时报》在3日的另一篇报道中称，美国汽车制造商受到的冲击最大，它们需要磁铁来生产驱动刹车、转向系统和燃油喷射器的电机。高管们警告，未来几天或几周内，美国中西部和南部地区的工厂有可能减产。

报道称，自中国暂停稀土出口后，许可证的发放一直进展缓慢——4月中旬，中国向欧洲企业发放了少量许可证，上周又向几家美国公司发放了一些，但全球供应正在急剧萎缩。报道提到，一些稀土磁铁制造商在等待出口许可期间暂停生产，这种持续数周的生产空档正向供应链下游传导，可能很快影响到制造商。

《纽约时报》援引专门研究中国的汽车咨询师迈克尔·邓恩的话称：“中国可能让美国的汽车装配厂陷入瘫痪。”

其他市场也在观望中国稀土出口情况。美国《华尔街日报》报道称，欧洲汽车供应商协会4日表示，欧洲已有多条生产线和工厂暂停运行，随着库存耗尽，预计未来几周还将出现更多受影响情况。印度、日本的汽车公司也警告生产面临中断风险。

据路透社5日报道，知情人士透露，铃木汽车暂停其旗舰车型雨燕轿车的生产，成为首家受出口管制影响的日本汽车制造商。

在5日举行的中国外交部例行记者会上，有日本记者就铃木暂停在日本生产主要小型车型一事提问，发言人林剑表示，中方出台的出口管制措施符合国际通行做法，是非歧视性的，不针对特定国家。

同一天，中国商务部例行记者会上，有媒体提问称，有外国企业认为，中国稀土出口许可流程较慢，他们的企业可能面临停产，请问中方对此如何回应？新闻发言人何咏前表示，稀土等相关物项具有明显的军民两用属性，对其实施出口管制是国际通行做法。中国政府依法依规对两用物项相关出口许可申请进行审查，对符合规定的申请，中方将予以批准，促进便利合规贸易。

中方还在不同场合对出口管制进行了宣介。知情人士向中国媒体透露，在5月27日的中欧半导体上下游企业座谈会上，商务部产业安全与进出口管制局对稀土出口管制政策进行了宣讲，以方便企业及其相关供应商了解如何申请出口许可。新加坡《联合早报》5日报道称，欧盟贸易和经济安全委员谢夫乔维奇4日在法国巴黎出席经济合作与发展组织（OECD）会议期间透露，中方在会谈中也介绍了针对两用物项实行的出口管制制度。

中国世界贸易组织研究会副会长霍建国告诉《环球时报》记者，《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例》规定，商务部应在受理出口申请的45个工作日内作出决定，对国家安全和利益有重大影响的，还需要会同国家相关部门报国务院或者国务院和中央军事委员会批准。上述出口许可的审批流程，可能会让一些外企有些不习惯。

“之前中国在对镓、锗以及石墨等进行出口管制时，也引起了相同的反应，但事实最终驱散了他们的疑虑。”霍建国说，5日中国两大部门的表态，尤其是商务部表示要“促进便利合规贸易”，再次明确了中国维护全球产业链、供应链安全的一贯主张。但也提醒外国一些企业，中国的稀土产品不能用来违反中国“维护国际和平，履行防扩散等国际义务”的庄严承诺，更不能用来损害中国的国家安全和利益。

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[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_cate` WHERE `pid` = 16 AND ( `id` < 3871 AND `id` NOT IN (25,3243,3244) ) ORDER BY `sortid` ASC [ RunTime:0.002465s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_cate` WHERE `pid` = 17 AND ( `id` < 3871 AND `id` NOT IN (25,3243,3244) ) ORDER BY `sortid` ASC [ RunTime:0.002430s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_cate` WHERE `pid` = 3 AND ( `id` < 3871 AND `id` NOT IN (25,3243,3244) ) ORDER BY `sortid` ASC [ RunTime:0.002459s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_advert` WHERE `id` = 48 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000430s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_advert` WHERE `id` = 49 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000379s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_advert` WHERE `id` = 50 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000438s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_para` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000526s ]

多方关注中国强化管控稀土出口，商务部：对符合规定的申请，中方将予以批准

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