中美磨料 “双反” 初裁解析：165% 税率冲击下的产业影响与突围路径

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

中美磨料 “双反” 初裁解析：165% 税率冲击下的产业影响与突围路径

2025-06-09 14:45:28 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：王天龙

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一、案件进程与核心裁定

2025年1月6日，美国商务部对中国溶胶—凝胶氧化铝陶瓷磨料颗粒启动反倾销与反补贴调查。5月19日、28日先后公布初裁结果：因四砂泰利莱、山东英格瓷四砂泰山等10家企业未应诉，依据"可获得的不利事实"（AFA）规则，反补贴税率统一定为165.05%，反倾销幅度88.32%（抵消补贴后保证金调整为72.22%），涵盖美国海关编码2818.10.2010与2818.10.2090项下产品。反补贴与反倾销终裁分别预计于7月30日、8月11日作出，若维持初裁，相关关税将追溯至调查发起日（1月6日）生效。

二、产业冲击与连锁效应

高税率直接导致涉案产品在美国市场综合税负超200%，2023年1106万美元的对美出口规模或面临归零风险，企业被迫转向东南亚、中东等替代市场。作为工业研磨、半导体加工的核心材料，其成本激增将传导至美国汽车制造、航空航天等下游产业，加剧全球供应链波动。更需警惕的是，本案可能成为贸易保护主义"导火索"——2023年美国自中国进口的原生熔融氧化铝、碳化硅占其总进口量的91%和88%，类似调查若持续蔓延，将对中国磨料行业形成系统性冲击，欧盟、印度等经济体亦可能跟风启动贸易限制。

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中美磨料 “双反” 初裁解析：165% 税率冲击下的产业影响与突围路径

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