基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极电解液隔膜隔膜电解液电芯

美国维持对华铝制电线电缆双反措施：行业承压下的转型与博弈

2025-06-06 17:25:22 来源：商务部贸易救济调查局责任编辑：王欣悦

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2025年5月29日，美国ITC裁定对中国铝制电线电缆维持反倾销与反补贴措施，认定取消措施可能导致美产业损害持续。该裁决基于美商务部3月认定的63.47%倾销幅度及33.44%-165.63%补贴率，措施自2019年原审实施至今进入首次日落复审延续阶段。

核心影响

中国行业承压：综合税率超80%压缩利润，企业转向东南亚转口（成本增8%-12%），加速开拓非洲、中东市场（2024年占比42%）。上游电解铝采购成本因“232措施”上升5%-8%，倒逼技术升级（如耐极端环境铝基复合材料）。

贸易博弈升级：美以“制造业回流”和供应链安全为由强化产业保护，中国可援引WTO规则挑战（如2022年“232关税”胜诉先例），或通过反制措施（如加征美商品关税）回应。

应对路径

短期策略：合规化转口（如墨西哥、越南加工），提升高附加值产品占比（如光伏电缆），利用出口信用保险缓解压力。

长期转型：推动铝产业绿色化与技术迭代（如超高压电缆研发），通过海外建厂（如收购美企或合资）规避壁垒，借力全球新能源基建（如欧美光伏项目）拓展需求。

趋势前瞻

贸易摩擦倒逼中国铝线缆行业从“价格竞争”转向“技术+品牌”驱动，全球供应链重构中，企业需通过标准升级、区域市场深耕（如东盟自贸协定）及产能国际化实现结构性突破。

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