美中官员在伦敦举行关键贸易会谈

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新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

美中官员在伦敦举行关键贸易会谈

2025-06-10 09:20:32 来源：Mining 责任编辑：潘利军

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周一，美国和中国的高级官员在伦敦会面，试图化解一场高风险的贸易争端。这场争端已从关税问题扩大到稀土限制，有可能引发全球供应链冲击和经济增长放缓。

在可能为期两天的会谈的第一天，这两个超级大国的官员在华丽的兰开斯特宫会面，试图让上个月在日内瓦达成的初步协议回到正轨。该协议曾短暂缓和了华盛顿和北京之间的紧张关系。

从那以后，美国指责中国在履行承诺方面行动迟缓，尤其是在稀土运输方面。白宫经济顾问凯文・哈塞特周一表示，在唐纳德・特朗普称习近平在上周两国总统罕见的通话中同意恢复稀土运输后，美国团队希望就稀土问题与中国达成共识。美国国家经济委员会主任哈塞特在接受美国全国广播公司财经频道（CNBC）采访时表示：“今天会议的目的是确保他们是认真的，并且真正达成共识。” 他说，美国希望随后能立即放松出口管制并大量释放稀土。

此次会谈对两国经济来说正值关键时刻，自特朗普1月重返白宫以来，一系列关税命令让两国经济都出现了紧张迹象。海关数据显示，5 月份中国对美国的出口额同比暴跌 34.5%，这是自 2020 年2月新冠疫情爆发扰乱全球贸易以来的最大降幅。在美国，企业和家庭信心受到重创，由于美国人提前采购以应对预期的价格上涨，进口创纪录激增，导致第一季度国内生产总值收缩。但目前，对通胀的影响较为温和，就业市场也保持了相当的弹性，不过经济学家预计，今年夏天这些问题将更加明显。

中国的稀土 “武器” 改变了贸易战的战场格局。

出席伦敦会谈的将有美国财政部长斯科特・贝森特、商务部长霍华德・卢特尼克和美国贸易代表贾米森・格里尔，中国代表团由副总理何立峰率领。卢特尼克的机构负责监督美国的出口管制，他的参与表明了稀土问题的核心地位。中国在稀土磁铁方面几乎处于垄断地位，而稀土磁铁是电动汽车发动机的关键部件。卢特尼克没有参加日内瓦会谈，在那次会谈中，两国达成了一项90天的协议，以降低双方相互征收的部分三位数关税。

积极的结论

第二轮会谈是在特朗普和习近平通电话四天后举行的，这是自特朗普 1 月 20 日就职以来两人的首次直接互动。根据中国政府的总结，在长达一个多小时的通话中，习近平告诉特朗普，要放弃扰乱全球经济的贸易措施，并警告他不要在台湾问题上采取威胁性步骤。但特朗普在社交媒体上表示，主要集中在贸易问题上的会谈达成了 “非常积极的结论”，这为周一在英国首都举行的会议奠定了基础。第二天，特朗普称习近平已同意恢复向美国运送稀土矿物和磁铁，路透社报道称，中国已向美国三大汽车制造商的稀土供应商发放了临时出口许可证。

中国 4 月份决定暂停多种关键矿物和磁铁的出口，这打乱了全球汽车制造商、航空航天制造商、半导体公司和军事承包商的核心供应链。中国通过新的跟踪系统加强了对稀土磁铁的监管。

白宫发言人卡罗琳・莱维特在福克斯新闻的《周日早间期货》节目中表示，美国希望双方在日内瓦取得的进展基础上继续努力，希望能朝着更全面的贸易谈判迈进。日内瓦的初步协议引发了全球股市的反弹，美国那些曾处于或接近熊市水平的指数已经收复了大部分失地。

但欧亚集团总裁伊恩・布雷默表示，虽然暂时休战是可能的，但考虑到更广泛的脱钩趋势以及美国持续向其他国家施压，要求将中国从其供应链中剔除，双边关系不太可能变得富有建设性。他在一份分析报告中称：“特朗普身边的人仍然强硬，因此中美贸易达成突破性协议的可能性不大，尤其是在其他协议进展更顺利且更受重视的情况下。”

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美中官员在伦敦举行关键贸易会谈

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