基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

美拟撤销台韩晶片商在华豁免权意在稀土谈判施压中国但成效存疑

2025-06-23 11:05:22 来源：产业前沿责任编辑：潘利军

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美国商务部拟撤销给予台积电、三星及SK海力士这三家台韩晶片制造商的豁免授权，显著提高它们在中国大陆工厂获取美国半导体设备的难度。

受访学者指出，美方可能意图将相关限制作为筹码，在稀土出口等议题上向北京施压，但此举未必能够达到预期效果。

《华尔街日报》星期五（6月20日）报道，美国商务部工业与安全事务副部长凯斯勒通知上述三家企业，他计划撤销它们的豁免授权。路透社随后引述知情人士证实这一消息，但也指出目前尚不清楚美国最终是否会采取这一行动。若措施落实，势必加大这些晶片巨头在中国的运营压力。

尽管中美上周在伦敦的经贸会谈达成初步框架协议，但双方在稀土和晶片等关键问题上仍相持不下。对此，一位白宫官员告诉路透社，美方目前仅在做出应对准备，暂无立即启动新措施的打算。“我们只是希望手中有更多工具，以防协议破裂或其他突发事件影响双边关系。”他同时表达对中美协议推进的信心，并相信中方将按协议继续出口稀土。

2022年10月，美国对中国推出全面的晶片出口限制，阻止北京获得先进的半导体晶片、技术、设备和人才。当时，三星、SK海力士及台积电在中国的工厂皆获得为期一年的豁免。

2023年10月，豁免即将到期之际，韩国官方宣布三星和SK海力士获得“经认证终端用户”（Validated End-User，简称VEU）授权，取得无限期豁免。这意味着它们在华工厂在采购美系半导体设备时无须逐项申请出口许可，这项决定曾引发台湾业界对美国“大小眼”对待韩台的质疑。台积电是在去年5月才证实，位于南京的晶圆厂已获得VEU授权。

路透社引述知情人士指出，VEU授权通常附带条件，包括不得采购某些特定设备及须履行定期报告义务。

针对是否可能撤销VEU授权，美国商务部发言人回应称，晶片制造商仍将能够在中国开展业务，并表明：“新执法机制与适用于其他向中国出口的半导体公司的许可要求一致，确保美国在出口审批上拥有对等和互惠的程序。”

据中国半导体行业媒体“芯智讯”分析，若美系先进设备及零部件供应中断，不仅将影响上述企业在华现有产线的正常运作，还将限制技术升级与产能扩张，进而削弱市场竞争力。尽管短期内影响可能不明显，但长期冲击不容忽视。

另有分析认为，美国此举背后意在为与中国进行关税谈判增加筹码。

新加坡优势研究咨询公司创始人兼总裁张帆接受《联合早报》采访时说，不排除美方此举是为了向北京释放施压信号。但他指出，在未弄清美方真实意图前，北京不会轻举妄动，更不太可能在稀土出口问题上作出明确承诺。

香颂资本执行董事沈萌受访时也指出，美国若意图借此作为谈判筹码，恐怕难以奏效，北京“不太会买单”，而“这三家企业也不会轻易地做出让步，被美国当做筹码”。

他强调，三星、SK海力士和台积电在中国的投资规模可观，美国的这一威胁已触及企业经营与投资的核心利益，势必引发企业高度关注及潜在反弹。

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美拟撤销台韩晶片商在华豁免权 意在稀土谈判施压中国但成效存疑

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