反内卷”政策为有色行业破局注入新动能，产品向“高精尖”领域探索

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

反内卷”政策为有色行业破局注入新动能，产品向“高精尖”领域探索

2025-07-11 10:05:40 来源：期货日报责任编辑：韩泽楷

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当前，我国有色行业深陷“内卷”困局，而“反内卷”政策为行业破局注入新动能。

国信期货首席分析师顾冯达分析认为，有色行业的“内卷”本质是资源端与制造端结构性失衡的产物。我国镍、钴、锂等关键矿产资源对外依存度超70%，下游加工产能却占据全球80%以上份额，这种“两头在外”的格局，导致企业陷入“越亏损越生产”的循环。

为打破这一困局，“反内卷”政策从多维度发力。在资源端，强力推进“增储上产”战略，五矿资本等企业已启动深海采矿商业模式研究。顾冯达表示，当前铜精矿加工费（TC）跌至历史极值，引发国内冶炼厂联合减产，矿端紧缺压力加速向锭端传导。

制造端的革新同样关键。据顾冯达介绍，能耗与碳排放门槛已成为淘汰低效产能的“利剑”。电解铝吨铝电耗强制降至1.3万度以下，推动产能向云南等绿电富集区转移，水电铝成本降幅达2000元／吨。同时，政策引导企业转向高压铜箔、航空航天铝材等高附加值领域，推动产业向“高精尖”升级。

需求侧结构性变革已显现积极信号。电网投资同比增速20%、光伏用铜量环比跳升18%，有效对冲了地产链需求弱势。顾冯达进一步表示，“反内卷”政策将持续强化新能源、特高压等高端领域需求，推动消费模式从“规模扩张”向“技术驱动”转型。

政策催化下，有色定价体系重构为“资源为基、金融为翼”的期现融合机制。针对产业突围方向，顾冯达提出明确路径：未来需聚焦“资源自主+技术壁垒+绿色认证”战略。资源自主化攻坚方面，西藏铜资源基地建设提速，玉龙铜矿三期获批后新增20万吨年产能，2025年再生铜占比目标提升至35%；高端材料进口替代方面，重点发展半导体用4N级超高纯铜、新能源车一体化压铸铝合金等“卡脖子”产品；绿电自供增益方面，企业碳配额收益有望贡献超10%的业绩弹性。

中国（香港）金融衍生品投资研究院院长王红英认为，长期来看，有色产业结构将持续优化，高端产能加速扩容，低端产能有序出清，生产工艺加速迭代升级。

针对政策实施中的潜在挑战，王红英提醒，部分企业可能因自身经营压力或地方政府税收考量，减产意愿不足。对此，需坚持高质量、绿色发展导向，坚决淘汰低端过剩产能，构建统一的监管标准体系，同时推动企业深度融入产业链，强化协同发展。

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反内卷”政策为有色行业破局注入新动能，产品向“高精尖”领域探索

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