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洛克希德马丁公司重新考虑深海采矿

2025-07-16 14:47:08 来源：自然资源部责任编辑：袁梦

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据Mining.com网站报道，洛克希德马丁公司（Lockheed Martin，LMT）再回深海采矿队伍行列，同几家矿企商讨合作使用其在太平洋的长期持有的深海采矿证。

这家美国国防巨头在太平洋东部的富矿国际海域克拉利昂-克利伯顿（Clarion-Clipperton Zone，CCZ）矿带持有两个许可证。它们是在1980年代首次海洋采矿热潮中由美国监管机构颁发，但是几十年来一直未动用。

2023年，LMT公司似乎打算退出该行业，当时该公司将其在英国的深海采矿子公司——英国海底资源公司（UK Seabed Resources）转让给了挪威洛克海洋矿产公司（Loke Marine Minerals）。4月份，那家公司申请破产，进行资产拍卖而又将两个许可证返还给了LMT公司。

再次面临机遇

LMT公司首席运营官弗兰克·圣约翰（Frank St John）向金融时报（Financial Times，FT）表示，深海采矿公司对这两个许可证“兴趣颇高”。他说，LMT公司正在评估获得关键原材料供应的途径，正在密切同五角大楼合作找寻能够支持储备或替代采购策略的资源。

4月份，特朗普总统颁发一项行政命令，宣称美国有权发放国际海域采矿许可证，并提议将海底金属视为战略资产。

LMT公司称，美国有机会建立“负责任环境保护下”的海底结核商业开采国际标准。

据信多金属结核，这种富含镍、钴、铜、锰和其他对电动汽车和电子产品至关重要的类岩石地层在太平洋非常丰富。

美国政府估计，其所持有许可范围内这些结核的储藏量超过10亿吨，有可能在10年内为美国增加3000亿美元的GDP，并创造10万个就业岗位。

矿企对深海采矿的兴趣飙升。包括加拿大的梅塔斯公司（The Metals Company）等来自或在北美上市企业最近已申请海底采矿许可。

障碍仍存

深海采矿雄心仍然面临漩涡。依据联合国海洋法公约（UN Convention on the Law of the Sea）成立的国际海底管理局（International Seabed Authority，ISA）一直在研究制定深海采矿方面的环境和监管体系。但美国从来没有批准该公约。

来自169个国家和欧盟的代表一直在就权利金、税收和环境影响的标准进行磋商，包括水下噪音和沉积物水平。

本月，ISA将在牙买加举行关键谈判以确定能够开始深海采矿的前提条件。同时，美国继续通过国家海洋和大气管理局受理许可申请。

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