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巴西拟编制关键矿产潜力详图

2025-08-04 16:36:20 来源：自然资源部责任编辑：袁梦

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据BNAmericas网站报道，巴西政府将成立一个委员会，负责编制该国矿产资源潜力详图，特别是所谓的关键矿产，这个问题在与美国贸易关系紧张情况下更为突出。

“我最近读的一篇文章称美国对巴西的关键矿产感兴趣。是的，如果我都不知道这种矿产而且它已被列为关键矿产，我将把它留给自己——为什么我要让别人把它拿走”，总统卢拉28日在电视讲话中称。

“我们70%的领土和资源尚未得到勘探，所以我们需要授权企业在我们控制下进行勘探。一旦我们授权企业获得发现，它不能被卖掉，更不能说出售含有矿物的区域了，因为这属于我们，属于巴西人民，他们必须有权从这些资源产生的财富中受益”。

美国驻巴西代办兼代理大使加布里埃尔·埃斯科瓦尔(Gabriel Escobar)最近会见了巴西矿业协会(Ibram)的代表，就双方如何解决这一问题进行了讨论。此次会谈还讨论了巴西矿业界代表拟对美国进行的访问，寻求可能的协议，特别是围绕关键矿产。

卢拉提及关键矿产是在特朗普宣布对巴西征收50%的关税之后，这也是美国迄今为止对所有国家征收的最高关税税率。

尽管商界领袖和分析人士因紧张局势而对巴西政治经济影响表示担忧，但美国有意关键矿产可能会给该国创造机会。

“巴西仍高度依赖铁矿石，多年来该国一直想实现采矿业多元化。加快关键矿产勘探和吸引美国作为买家对巴西来说是个机会，既能实现矿产生产多元化，也可扩大客户群”，投资公司AGF的一位分析师认为。

应美国要求，Ibram此次会议的目的是讨论可能的关键和战略矿产协议，比如稀土、镍、锂和铜。

自从特朗普宣布从8月1日起对巴西征收50%的关税后，巴西政府一直在批评美国的单边行为。

然而，近日来，巴西商业界一直在施压政府就关税进行谈判。卢拉虽然称可以同特朗普对话，但不允许美国干涉巴西的内政。

“近年，全球对关键矿产兴趣上升，很大程度上是能源转型驱动。现在，特朗普政府上台后，我们看到这种兴趣的原因发生了很大变化。目前它更多地与技术项目相关，也与国防工业密切相关”，巴西铁矿商赛德罗矿产公司(Cedro Mineração)董事会成员、尼利克斯金属和采矿咨询公司(Neelix Consulting Mining & Metals)创始人何塞·卡洛斯·马丁斯(José Carlos Martins)表示。

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