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耐火材料行业：在挑战中寻求突破与发展

2025-08-08 17:27:12 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：王欣悦

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近日，中国耐火材料行业协会驻会副会长李永全表示：“我们热切期盼钢铁行业‘反内卷’取得成功，只有钢铁行业的经营环境改善了，耐火材料才能在产业链里有自己的地位和发展，这一点是与钢铁行业休戚与共的。”耐材行业体量不大，却是支撑钢铁、有色、水泥、石化等高温工业高效运行的“幕后基石”。据了解，钢铁行业贡献约70%的耐火材料需求。如今，国内粗钢产量下降，对耐材的需求随之减少，耐材出口也面临更多反倾销压力，出口市场呈现“量价齐跌”的局面。面对国内国外两个市场的新挑战，耐材行业该如何应对?

共生共荣的行业镜像

在一定程度上，耐火材料行业面临的问题比钢铁行业更具挑战性。当前，钢铁行业正经历深刻的“减量发展”，钢铁业对耐材的需求自然减少。同时，由于耐材自身技术进步，近年来吨钢耐材消耗量持续下降，这倒逼耐火材料行业同步踏上“减量、提质、品种结构和总量的再平衡”的转型之路，市场竞争异常激烈。

根据中国耐火材料行业协会统计数据显示，2024年，耐火材料主产区耐火材料(制品+原料)总产量为2809万吨，同比下降5.89%，总销售收入为977.96亿元，同比下降5.66%左右。“但2025年以来，耐材企业不再无谓追求没有利润的合同，不再主动参与低于成本价竞争，这是耐材行业与去年相比非常大的一个变化。”李永全在采访中指出，“这个过程中，我相信，头部企业还会取得更大的市场份额和发展，整个行业在朝着健康、高质量的方向发展。”

据了解，2025年上半年，随着钢铁行业利润情况的改善，耐火材料作为钢铁行业服务性、支撑性的细分行业，经营效益最差的时段正在过去，行业形势也在向好的方向发展。

合力突围的“破内卷”之道

李永全认为，无论是钢铁还是耐材行业，都既是内卷的参与者，也是内卷的受害者，内卷给各行业高质量发展以及健康持续运行带来诸多负面影响。为促进高质量发展，耐材行业需紧跟国家政策导向，特别是钢铁、光伏、水泥等领域的反内卷措施，和合共赢，以实现产业链上下游企业的深度协同，进一步遏制“链条内卷”。

他建议，耐材行业在供给端上，要通过国家政策引导、企业自律、行业协会协调方式，主动优化产能结构，避免无效供给冲击市场。这不仅是响应国家“反内卷”的政策号召，更是行业自救的必然选择。另一方面，“耐材行业需要在稳固钢铁市场业务基本盘的同时，积极拓展服务领域，要在新材料领域、有色金属冶炼领域、化工领域等开拓市场，求得市场的再平衡，为高温领域提供高性价比、定制化服务。”李永全强调。

对于耐材企业而言，当前恰好处于转型的关键时刻，市场不再是原来简单“拉合同”就能发展的格局。所以，对于企业来说，首先要积极响应国家数字化转型战略，通过自动化、智能化改造提升生产效率、稳定产品质量、降低综合成本，筑牢生存根基。另外，作为一个服务型行业，耐材企业要找到自身独特的市场定位，形成独门绝技，服务好钢铁等高温工业，才能在市场中寻得一席之地。

淬火重生的新篇章

李永全介绍，当前耐材行业兼并重组处于一个安静期，过去一两年行业内没有发生较大的兼并重组，说明耐材行业正处于以“量”发展转变为以“质”发展的过渡期。

在这一阶段，耐火材料行业的重点，一是坚持创新驱动，促进高温工业节能减排、绿色低碳发展，二是以产品创新和智能化发展为抓手，推动产品转型升级，提高竞争力。他认为，只有当“反内卷”理念在产业链上下游深入贯彻，过剩产能被实质性、市场化地出清，行业竞争回归理性，才会给龙头企业提供更有利的兼并重组整合环境——未来的兼并重组将不再是简单的规模叠加，而是围绕核心技术、高端人才、区域布局和全球市场的战略性整合。李永全进一步补充：“这是一个循序渐进、良性循环的过程，需要市场的力量来推动。”

他最后强调，耐材与钢铁相互依存，休戚与共，当钢铁行业走出“内卷”困局，迈向高质量发展轨道时，耐材行业也将迎来属于自己的春天。而这个春天，一定是建立在充分的市场竞争、碳排放的约束、政府的宏观引导、行业的自律、创新与和合共赢基础之上的。

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[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_cate` WHERE `pid` = 17 AND ( `id` < 3871 AND `id` NOT IN (25,3243,3244) ) ORDER BY `sortid` ASC [ RunTime:0.001265s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_cate` WHERE `pid` = 3 AND ( `id` < 3871 AND `id` NOT IN (25,3243,3244) ) ORDER BY `sortid` ASC [ RunTime:0.001351s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_advert` WHERE `id` = 48 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000321s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_advert` WHERE `id` = 49 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000288s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_advert` WHERE `id` = 50 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000306s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_para` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000368s ]

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