莫纳什大学研发粉煤灰提取稀土工艺

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

莫纳什大学研发粉煤灰提取稀土工艺

2025-08-15 14:14:37 来源：自然资源部责任编辑：袁梦

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据矿业周刊(Mining Weekly)报道，澳大利亚莫纳什大学(Monash University)研究人员研创了一种更绿色、更有效的方法，能够从粉煤灰、矿山尾矿和电子垃圾中提取稀土元素，可能成为替代这些关键矿产传统采矿的一种选择。

粉煤灰是褐煤燃烧后的细粉末，长期以来被认为是环境污染物，澳大利亚存储在煤灰堆或垃圾填埋场的量达到数百万吨。莫纳什大学的工艺旨在将其重新转化为一种资源。

澳大利亚有众多稀土矿床，其中几个采矿项目正在开发之中，但新矿山需要10到15年开发，耗费大量资金，而且面临环境和社会挑战。

莫纳什大学的“城市矿业”(Urban mining)方法能够回收所有17种稀土元素，回收率超过90%。其中包括高价值的磁体稀土元素，比如钕和镝，用于生产电动汽车和风力发电机所需的永磁。另外，维多利亚州的粉煤灰一般不含放射性元素，比如钍或铀，使得提取更安全，更少受到监管限制。

莫纳什大学称，仅粉煤灰每年就可提取稀土金属4.5万吨，是2021年澳大利亚稀土产量的2倍多，占全球稀土产量近30%。这些稀土足够生产1500万辆电动汽车。

维多利亚州每年产生粉煤灰超过100万吨，全国范围内存放的更多。处理这些粉煤灰可避免新采矿项目带来的环境冲击，同时创造新的价值。

“将这些库存作为资源，而不是垃圾，我们可以马上利用现有的物质，同时避免新采矿项目带来的环境问题”，莫纳什大学称。

该大学已经从实验室规模测试发展到30升的系统，并正在设计一个100升的半连续装置，并在莫纳什大学建设一个示范工厂。此项技术已经受到行业资助，研究团队正在同政府和行业伙伴合作对该工艺进行商业化。

莫纳什大学称，该方法能够帮助构建一个本地稀土绿色供应链，支撑国内制造业，创造地区就业和减少对国外供应链的依赖，同时减少燃煤发电厂的遗留废物。

“这不仅仅是一项技术突破——这是改变澳大利亚资源认知的一次机会。城市矿业可以支撑本土制造业，减少对国外供应链的依赖，为地方社区创造就业机会。它还使得我们能够减少燃煤电厂遗留废物。城市矿业为澳大利亚创造了一个在世界上领先的机会，即在本土构建绿色稀土供应链，同时解决遗留废物问题。它能够创造地区就业、支持本地制造业，减少我们对国外供应链的依赖”。

“这是一个难得的机会。我们不需要开采它，只需要改变观念”，这所大学称。

莫纳什大学正在同行业和政府伙伴合作将其推向市场。“有了大力支持，我们可以为澳大利亚的未来建设一个循环、更具韧性的供应链，充分挖掘我们已有物质的价值”。

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莫纳什大学研发粉煤灰提取稀土工艺

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