美国关键矿产目录拟新增6种矿产

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

美国关键矿产目录拟新增6种矿产

2025-08-26 10:58:18 来源：自然资源部责任编辑：袁梦

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据Mining.com网站报道，美国政府关键矿产目录修订草案增添了铜、钾和硅，这也是2018年首次发布以来的最重大调整。

美国《能源法案(2020)》要求，关键矿产目录每三年更改一次，上一个版本是2022版，现在则包含54种矿产。新目录提出增加六种矿产，包括铜、硅、钾、银、铅和铼，而碲和砷则被剔除。

美国地质调查局(USGS)能源和矿产资源团队负责人肯德拉·罗素(Kendra Russell)称，将铜和硅列入的原因是其精炼产品供应中断可能带来严重的经济后果。

铅和铼2022年差一点被列入目录，这次列入是因为采用了新方法。

钾也被列入了新的目录，原因是与主要供应国特别是加拿大可能的贸易壁垒导致的风险。添加银的原因是对冲发生概率很低但影响大的墨西哥供应中断。

碲被剔除是因为美国国内生产扩大，已经从净进口转为出口。砷被剔除是因为经过数据计算，秘鲁已经成为世界最大生产国，供应中断风险降低。

三种类型矿产

按照风险程度，关键矿产首次分为三类：高、上升和中等。新方法还考虑了供应波动对经济的影响，并强调了“单点故障”(Single points of failure)，即依赖于国内唯一生产商所面临的风险。

此次评估覆盖了84种矿产(品)，402个行业以及1200种情景。USGS称，这为政策制定者提供了一种更为现实和适用的框架。

“2024年，矿产资源相关产业为美国经济贡献了4万亿美元，采用这种方法，我们能够分辨何种产业最受供应中断的影响”，USGS副局长莎拉·瑞克(Sarah Ryke)称。

她说，新方法也能帮助分析战略性国内投资或国际贸易关系在哪些方面可能有助于降低某个供应链的风险。

2025版目录草案凸显了市场形势变化和新数据如何改变美国对供应脆弱性的看法。30天公众征求意见后，美国将公布最终目录。

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美国关键矿产目录拟新增6种矿产

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