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美国放宽铜冶炼厂污染监管规定

2025-10-28 08:49:50 来源：自然资源部责任编辑：韩泽楷

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24日，美国总统特朗普推翻了拜登时期实施的一项严格限制铜冶炼厂排放的防治污染规定。

2024年5月最终确定的铜法规要求冶炼厂根据最新联邦空气标准控制铅、砷、汞、苯和二恶英等污染物排放。

特朗普的决定给予受影响的固定污染源两年的依法豁免。白宫表示，此举将减轻国内铜生产商的监管压力，从而提高美国矿产安全。

白宫在宣布这些调整时表示，“对已经面临供应紧张和风险的行业实施这些要求，可能会导致更多冶炼厂关闭，削弱国家工业基础，破坏矿产独立性，并增加对外国控制的加工能力的依赖”。

这项决定涉及美国两家铜冶炼厂，一家由自由港麦克莫兰（Freeport-McMoRan）运营，另外一家由力拓运营。白宫称，此项命令适用于自由港的冶炼厂，但尚不能马上确定是否会影响力拓的设施。

总部在凤凰城的自由港对特朗普表示感谢，称两年的豁免期表明铜对于国家安全的重要性。

自由港发言人表示，“这一举措凸显了国内铜冶炼行业面临的运营现状，提供了必要的时间对铜法规进行适当的监管再评估和未来实施规划”。

力拓没有对置评请求进行回应。

今年早些时候，特朗普签署一项行政令，将铜列为对国防、基础设施和新兴技术极为重要的关键矿产，包括清洁能源和电动汽车。

这也导致了对铜进口是否威胁美国国家安全的232调查，特别是对少数外国供应商的过度依赖。

根据调查结果，美国政府对某些进口铜开始征收50%的关税，并要求减少高品质废杂铜出口。

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