中国与刚果（金）深化战略合作非洲铜矿成关键供应链支柱

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

中国与刚果（金）深化战略合作非洲铜矿成关键供应链支柱

2025-02-20 08:49:27 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：韩泽楷

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中国海关总署最新数据显示，2024年全年中国自刚果民主共和国（简称刚果（金））进口精炼铜总量达148万吨，较上年增长71%，占中国铜进口总量的36.7%，首次超越传统供应国智利，跃居中国第一大铜资源来源地。这一转变标志着中国在全球关键矿产供应链布局中取得重要突破。

中资主导矿业开发产能释放提速
刚果（金）作为全球第二大铜储量和产出国（仅次于智利），其铜带省（Copperbelt）的高品位矿山已成为中国企业海外投资的核心目标。以洛阳钼业为例，其控股的Tenke Fungurume铜钴矿2024年产量突破65万吨，同比增幅达55%，且计划2025年将产能提升至80万吨；紫金矿业、万宝矿产等企业亦通过合资模式加速布局刚果铜矿资源。

供应链安全需求驱动战略转向
中国作为全球最大铜消费国，铜资源对外依存度长期高于76%。此前，中国约60%的铜进口依赖智利与秘鲁，但南美地区频发的罢工、环保政策收紧及中美博弈加剧促使中国企业转向非洲寻求多元化供应。中刚合作建设的洛比托走廊铁路升级项目已于2024年启动，该线路贯通后将大幅降低刚果铜矿经安哥拉洛比托港出口的物流成本，进一步巩固供应链韧性。

风险挑战：政策波动与市场限制
尽管合作深化，刚果（金）的政策不确定性仍构成潜在风险。2023年，刚果政府以“资源主权”为由暂停洛阳钼业部分铜出口，并要求重新谈判矿权分成条款；2024年，刚果与沙特、印度签署矿产合作协议，试图降低对华依赖度。此外，中刚合资的Sicomines项目协议规定，若铜价跌破5200美元/吨，中方对刚果基础设施的投资资金将暂停拨付。市场层面，刚果铜因未获LME或上海期交所注册资质，在中国市场交易时需折价3%-5%，流动性受限。

行业展望：深化联动稳供应
分析人士指出，未来中刚合作需在矿业开发、物流基建及贸易规则三端同步发力。中国有色金属工业协会预测，2025年中国自刚果（金）铜进口量有望突破180万吨，占进口总量比例或升至40%。如何平衡资源获取与投资风险，将成为保障战略矿产供应链安全的关键课题。

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中国与刚果（金）深化战略合作 非洲铜矿成关键供应链支柱

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