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美乌稀土协议再生变数，泽连斯基签还是不签？

2025-02-25 09:37:55 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：管理员

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当地时间 2 月 21 日，在美保守派政治行动会议（CPAC）上，美国总统国家安全事务助理华尔兹抛出一则重磅消息：乌克兰总统泽连斯基早在 2024 年 9 月就主动提及，乌克兰坐拥大量尚未完全开发、急需投资的稀土矿物，只要美国愿意投资，乌克兰便愿与美国携手建立伙伴关系。为此，美国总统特朗普迅速派财政部长前往乌克兰，提出了相关稀土协议。华尔兹还信心满满地表示，预计泽连斯基将签署这项协议。然而截至目前，乌方对上述言论并未给出任何回应。

事实上，美乌之间关于这份稀土协议的拉扯由来已久。近期，美国向乌克兰提出一份价值 5000 亿美元的所谓 “稀土换援助” 矿产合作协议，这一协议的提出引发轩然大波。此前，泽连斯基就曾以该协议缺乏对乌方的 “安全保障” 为由，拒绝签署。不过，有消息人士透露，特朗普政府或许会寻求先与乌克兰达成一项简化的矿产协议，后续再协商详细条款。

从美国内部来看，特朗普在这场协议的推进上表现得极为急切。当地时间 22 日，特朗普在美保守派政治行动会议 (CPAC) 发表演讲时直言，要求从乌克兰获得稀土、石油和 “任何我们能得到的东西” ，以收回投入乌克兰的资金，还称 “我认为我们非常接近与乌克兰达成协议” 。而白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳・莱维特也表示，特朗普和其团队专注于继续与俄罗斯和乌克兰进行谈判以结束俄乌冲突，且特朗普有信心能在本周完成谈判。

在协议的具体内容方面，据美国《华尔街日报》20 日消息，美国财政部长贝森特在 2 月 12 日与泽连斯基会面时，游说乌方向美投资者开放矿产资源开采权。当时的场景颇具戏剧性，贝森特从桌子对面把文件推给泽连斯基，要求其签字，泽连斯基表示需与团队讨论，贝森特却把文件推得更近，直言 “你真的需要在这上面签字”，还称若不签字，“华盛顿那边的人” 会不高兴。泽连斯基的助手证实了贝森特施压签字一事，助手表示泽连斯基原本预计数十亿美元级别的协议应在与特朗普会晤时签署，这般急切的签字要求让他十分惊讶。泽连斯基 19 日告诉记者，贝森特展示的文件要求乌克兰交出 50% 的矿产资源，其他内容 “不明确”，他拒绝了这份文件，但准备讨论一份将美方向乌克兰提供安全保障也纳入其中的协议。

再看乌克兰方面，乌克兰拥有欧洲最大的钛和锂储量，还拥有稀土矿藏，稀土在国防和可再生能源等高科技产业中至关重要。泽连斯基 21 日在视频讲话中称，目前乌美两国官员正在起草 “两国间的协议” 以增强双方关系，不过他强调协议需要制定出可行细则，并且能带来 “一个公平的结果” 。此前泽连斯基还曾强硬表态，他不会签署一份要由 10 代乌克兰人买单的协议，并驳斥了特朗普关于 “美国已向乌克兰提供了 3500 亿美元” 的说法，坚称美国对乌援助是 1000 亿美元，且是 “捐赠的”，不是 “偿还的债务”。他透露与美国的谈判正在进行，美国已放弃最初提出的 5000 亿美元要求，还强调这只是一份备忘录，乌克兰已开始对地下矿产资源进行审计，打算保护合法从事自然资源开发的企业。

就在美乌双方围绕稀土协议不断周旋之时，外界对乌克兰稀土矿资源的真实情况也提出了质疑。彭博社网站 19 日刊登的能源及大宗商品产业作家哈维尔・布拉斯的专栏文章指出，美国地质调查局从未将乌克兰列为 “有稀土储备的国家”，在其他采矿行业常用数据库里也没有相关记录，公开情报显示乌克兰除少量钪矿外，没有重要的稀土矿床。他还将此与 2010 年美国五角大楼将阿富汗描述为 “锂的沙特”，宣称发现价值 1 万亿美元未开发矿藏作对比，称这或许只是幻想。布拉斯还算了一笔账，全球每年所有稀土产量价值仅在 150 亿美元左右，就算乌克兰能生产出世界 20%、每年价值约 30 亿美元的稀土，要达到特朗普提出的 5000 亿美元目标，纯属无稽之谈。退一步讲，即便算上乌克兰其他矿产资源，如铁矿石和煤炭等，许多都处于俄罗斯控制之下，且大多不具备战略重要性，也不值 5000 亿美元。

如今，虽然华尔兹预计泽连斯基将签署协议，但从乌方此前的态度以及各方对协议内容、乌克兰稀土资源的质疑来看，这份协议最终能否顺利签署，仍充满变数。后续美乌双方将如何博弈，协议走向何方，国际社会都在拭目以待。

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[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_cate` WHERE `pid` = 19 AND ( `id` < 3871 AND `id` NOT IN (25,3243,3244) ) ORDER BY `sortid` ASC [ RunTime:0.001359s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_cate` WHERE `pid` = 15 AND ( `id` < 3871 AND `id` NOT IN (25,3243,3244) ) ORDER BY `sortid` ASC [ RunTime:0.001380s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_cate` WHERE `pid` = 16 AND ( `id` < 3871 AND `id` NOT IN (25,3243,3244) ) ORDER BY `sortid` ASC [ RunTime:0.001449s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_cate` WHERE `pid` = 17 AND ( `id` < 3871 AND `id` NOT IN (25,3243,3244) ) ORDER BY `sortid` ASC [ RunTime:0.001348s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_cate` WHERE `pid` = 3 AND ( `id` < 3871 AND `id` NOT IN (25,3243,3244) ) ORDER BY `sortid` ASC [ RunTime:0.001459s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_advert` WHERE `id` = 48 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000378s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_advert` WHERE `id` = 49 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000365s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_advert` WHERE `id` = 50 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000370s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `tb_para` WHERE `id` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000461s ]

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