俄罗斯公布稀土金属总储量 2850 万吨全球资源博弈再添变量

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

俄罗斯公布稀土金属总储量 2850 万吨全球资源博弈再添变量

2025-02-26 09:30:44 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：管理员

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2 月 25 日，据塔斯社援引俄罗斯官方数据，俄罗斯稀土金属总储量达 2850 万吨，这一数字较此前部分国际机构估算的 1200 万吨大幅提升，标志着其在全球稀土供应链中的战略地位进一步凸显。

资源分布与开发瓶颈

俄罗斯稀土资源主要集中于西伯利亚、摩尔曼斯克及北高加索地区，其中托姆托尔稀土矿自上世纪 50 年代发现以来，因技术资金限制开采率不足 5%。新探明的雅库特矿带（Yakutia）富含镝、铽等重稀土元素，正是美国军工领域急需的战略物资。然而，俄罗斯稀土产业长期面临结构性短板：现有分离厂设备老化，加工纯度仅达 3N 级（99.9%），远低于中国主流企业的 6N 级（99.9999%）水平，年产能仅占全球 1.5%。

地缘博弈下的战略价值

随着全球能源转型加速，稀土作为新能源、半导体、航空航天等领域的核心材料，战略地位堪比 “21 世纪的石油”。当前，中国以 36.7% 的储量贡献全球 63% 的开采量和 85% 的加工产能，而美国 90% 的稀土依赖进口，其中 80% 来自中国。俄罗斯此次公布储量数据，正值美国推动《国防生产法案》、寻求摆脱对华依赖的关键期。美国地质调查局报告显示，其虽重启加州芒廷帕斯矿，但分离提纯技术仍落后中国 15 年，加工环节瓶颈短期内难以突破。

俄罗斯总统普京近期明确表示，愿与包括美国在内的国际伙伴合作开发稀土资源，并计划在 2030 年前打造完整产业链。分析指出，俄罗斯若能借助外部技术提升产能，或成为全球稀土供应链重构的重要变量。然而，其资源开发需克服环境成本高、基础设施薄弱等挑战，短期内难以动摇中国主导地位。

中国的应对与全球格局

面对国际资源竞争，中国已通过《稀土管理条例》强化产业链管控，并推动技术升级至 7N 级纯度。2023 年稀土集团重组形成南北产业集群，进一步巩固全链条优势。业内人士指出，俄罗斯储量数据更新或加速全球稀土资源争夺，但中国在技术、产能和政策协同上的综合优势仍具韧性。未来需关注俄乌局势演变及中美俄三边合作可能性，以把握供应链重构的潜在风险与机遇。

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俄罗斯公布稀土金属总储量 2850 万吨 全球资源博弈再添变量

资源分布与开发瓶颈

地缘博弈下的战略价值

中国的应对与全球格局

有色金属报告推荐

俄罗斯公布稀土金属总储量 2850 万吨全球资源博弈再添变量