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铝合金锻件主要缺陷及产生原因

2025-01-14 09:33:08 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：管理员

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铝合金锻压生产不仅能获得接近零件形状与尺寸的锻件毛坯，而且能改善材料的内部组织，提高零件的力学性能，因此对受力大、力学性能要求高的重要机械零件，锻压生产是其主要制造方法。

根据锻件生产所使用的工具、模具不同，锻件一般分为自由锻件和模锻件两大类。其中：

自由锻件按形状或使用工具不同又分为：普通自由锻件（饼类、方形类）、长轴类、环形类（含锥形环）和筒形类（芯轴拔长管）自由锻件。

模锻件按加工余量大小或精密程度又分为：胎模锻件、精密模锻件和反挤压筒形（反挤压管、筒）或锥形锻件。

与铝合金挤压材一样，锻件的缺陷有自原材料（铸锭）遗传下来的冶金缺陷，也有可能是锻压生产和热处理过程中产生的。锻压生产和热处理过程中产生的缺陷可以通过工艺优化、修伤和精细化生产操作来加以控制、改判和消除，但原材料（铸锭）带来的冶金缺陷不能根除。

铝合金锻件的主要缺陷及产生原因

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