铝冶炼（电解铝）余热利用现状与问题

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

铝冶炼（电解铝）余热利用现状与问题

2025-01-14 09:34:09 来源：北方有色网责任编辑：管理员

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引言：目前，电解铝行业节能降耗具体方案可分为：工艺节能、余热利用。其中，工艺节能针对新建电解铝冶炼，开发利用新工艺及新技术能降低电解铝能耗。然而，对于现有的电解铝冶炼行业，余热利用是节能降耗的有效途径。每吨电解铝电耗为1.1～1.3万度，电耗成本约占每吨铝成本的45%。电解铝行业属于高能耗行业，积极开发节能降耗技术是企业不可推卸的社会责任。

一、我国铝冶炼烟气余热利用现状

随着冶炼行业的发展，我国引进了大量的冶炼机械设备来发展冶炼行业。在我国铝冶炼行业中，能耗中有大量余热未得到充分利用，能源的大量消耗，使我国铝冶炼行业得到快速发展，我国已成为世界铝工业大国，铝冶炼能耗占全国能耗的15%左右，在整个工业部门能耗的21%左右，我国经济的快速发展，能源生产的步伐已跟不上，由于市场经济效应，当供不应求时，就会使能源在价格上上升，能源价格波动会使铝冶炼行业发展受阻。铝冶炼企业在冶炼中会产生大量可利用余热，而目前国内对这些余热的利用技术还不够先进，不能有效将这些余热转化为再利用资源，节能减排已成为铝冶炼企业长期发展的战略首要目标，充分利用铝冶炼中产生的余热，有助于减少企业的能耗，提高经济效益。

二、我国铝冶炼烟气净化余热利用存在的问题

在我国铝冶炼行业中，企业采用的槽型主要是自焙槽和预热槽，烟气的性质受槽型影响。随着经济技术的提高，我国铝冶炼行业飞速发展，为响应社会主义节约型经济的发展，我国铝冶炼行业为治理铝冶炼烟气进行了大规模实验研究。由于铝冶炼技术的先天性不足，烟气净化余热利用方面还不够成熟，虽然在铝冶炼过程中充分利用余热能源，提高能源利用效率，为企业节约成本，实现经济效益，但企业在利用铝冶炼烟气余热时，还会出现各种问题，为企业自身发展添加阻力。

1、成分复杂，烟气中的粉尘具有腐蚀性。我国铝冶炼生产中产生的烟气温度高、成分复杂，因铝冶炼使用的槽型不同，生产中产生的烟气特征也会有所不同，粉尘颗粒小，表面积大，粉尘中含有腐蚀性较强的沥青，加上空气的对流运动，铝冶炼时会加大冶炼难度。

2、不具备完善的烟气余热利用系统。我国铝冶炼行业中，受传统因素影响，许多铝冶炼企业只注重经济效益，忽略了对铝冶炼过程烟气余热的利用，所以就不会建立烟气余热利用系统，任能源浪费掉。在我国铝冶炼过程中，由于烟气的疲软度较高，无法直接被应用到除尘器中，加上技术条件有限，对能源的利用根本达不到效果，从而失去经济、社会意义。

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铝冶炼（电解铝）余热利用现状与问题

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