研究人员发现一种新的无毒处理稀土金属的方法

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

研究人员发现一种新的无毒处理稀土金属的方法

2025-05-22 15:59:17 来源：美国能源部责任编辑：管理员

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美国能源部艾姆斯国家实验室（Ames National Laboratory）在稀土金属制备领域领先超过 75 年，这一历史成就很大程度上基于哈维・威廉（Harvey Wilhelm）发明的 “艾姆斯工艺”（Ames Process）。该工艺最初用于生产高纯度铀以支持曼哈顿计划，如今仍是制备高纯度稀土金属的重要有效方法。

钕盐与成品磁铁图片
REFMAS 工艺中使用的氟化钕钠盐及制成的粘结磁铁。

艾姆斯实验室关键材料创新中心的研究团队利用艾姆斯工艺，开发出一种更安全、可规模化的稀土金属制备新方法 —“替代氟化盐制备稀土金属工艺”（Rare Earth Metals from Alternative Fluoride Salt，REMAFS）。该方法在稀土金属生产中使用替代氟化盐，取代传统工艺中需用有害氢氟酸（HF）制备的稀土盐。此外，该工艺可在稀土供应链上游更早介入，减少从开采材料到稀土金属的加工步骤。

关键材料部门副主任、艾姆斯实验室科学家、研究团队负责人伊肯纳・恩勒贝丁（Ikenna Nlebedim）解释称，REMAFS 工艺通过消除氢氟酸的使用和产生，显著提升了安全性、环境效益和可扩展性。
“该工艺使用稀土氟化物，但不是传统稀土氟化物，而是稀土氟化钠盐。区别在于，稀土氟化钠盐无需氢氟酸即可制备，” 恩勒贝丁说，“它可在室温下制备，且极易规模化，因此能大量生产。”

可扩展性通常是研究人员开发新材料和工艺时面临的挑战 —从实验室级加工量扩大到工业应用所需的大量生产并非易事。
“REMAFS 工艺轻松实现材料大量生产的能力，是迈向商业应用的关键一步，” 项目负责人、艾姆斯实验室科学家丹尼斯・普罗迪乌斯（Denis Prodius）表示，“我们已与授权方就大规模实施展开讨论。”

除易于制备和规模化生产外，该方法还能减少稀土元素转化为金属前的加工步骤。研究团队成员、艾姆斯实验室研究技师特雷弗・里德曼（Trevor Riedemann）与恩勒贝丁共同解释了细节：
稀土元素与其他元素混合存在于特定岩石中。这些岩石经开采、破碎后，通过添加化学物质富集稀土元素，此时它们仍处于类似 “化学汤” 的混合状态。接下来需通过特殊工艺将其分离为单一稀土盐，再转化为氧化物。在艾姆斯工艺中，稀土元素转化为金属前，需将氧化物转化为氟化物（另一种盐）。
“传统工艺从盐开始，转化为氧化物，再变回盐，最后将盐还原为金属，” 里德曼解释道，“而 REMAFS 工艺直接从盐到金属，省去了完全转化为氧化物再变回盐的步骤。若能从盐阶段直接开始并完全省去氧化物工艺，将节省成本。”

恩勒贝丁强调，新方法可从第一盐阶段的材料或氧化物开始处理。
“该工艺的另一独特之处在于，其原料比传统原料更易制备，从而消除了制备传统原料时的危险，” 恩勒贝丁说，“任何时候能避免使用氢氟酸等有害化学物质，对所有人都是好事。”

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研究人员发现一种新的无毒处理稀土金属的方法

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