稀土永磁材料的高性价比AI设计与开发｜进展

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

稀土永磁材料的高性价比AI设计与开发｜进展

2025-05-28 17:29:42 来源：产业前沿责任编辑：管理员

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钕铁硼永磁材料因其高矫顽力和高磁能积，广泛应用于新能源汽车、风力发电、节能电机等领域。目前高性能钕铁硼材料往往依赖Dy（镝）、Tb（铽）等稀缺、昂贵的重稀土元素，严重制约其大规模推广和应用。引入储量丰富、成本较低的La（镧）、Ce（铈）等高丰度稀土作为替代，能够缓解关键资源依赖、提升稀土利用率。

中国科学院物理研究所M03组长期从事稀土磁性功能材料研究（包括稀土永磁和稀土磁制冷材料），前期利用稀土分离过程中的中间产物，首次在国际上研制出高丰度混合稀土烧结磁体的制备方法，成功制备出磁性能优异的MM(Ce)-Fe-B/Nd-Fe-B双主相磁体。进一步研究发现高丰度稀土元素的引入容易导致磁体性能下降。同时，成分变量增多也使得性能与组分之间的关系更为复杂，传统依赖试错的优化策略面临效率低、成本高的难题。

最近，中国科学院物理研究所/北京凝聚态物理国家研究中心磁学国家重点实验室M03组博士生王铮在王晶副研究员、胡凤霞研究员和沈保根院士共同指导下，联合钢铁研究总院朱明刚教授、李卫院士等合作，提出了一种基于机器学习方法的创新性数据驱动材料优化框架，构建了具有“成分+复合电负性-磁性能”双向预测功能的双集成回归模型。研究团队基于公开发表文献相关实验数据，构建了涵盖材料电负性、化学成分与磁性能参数的快淬钕铁硼薄带完备数据集。以钕铁硼材料中各元素的化学电负性为基础进行了模型特征构造，将原始化学组分向更有物理意义的特征空间映射，增强模型的可解释性，为钕铁硼材料的性能优化提供新思路。同时，研究团队引入启发式智能优化算法与集成策略，基于模型选择结果，针对不同磁性能融合多种回归模型，进一步提升模型预测准确度与泛化能力，实现了高丰度稀土钕铁硼永磁材料的高效开发设计。

基于所建立的机器学习模型预测分析，团队在((Pr,Nd)LaCe)FeB组分体系中

识别出一个兼具高磁性能与高比例高丰度稀土元素的成分区间，其中La含量达稀土总量25–40%，Ce最高达20%。进一步的实验验证结果表明，模型预测准确率超过90%。在此基础上，团队进一步筛选出4种高性价比钕铁硼组分，均实现超过28%的成本降低，及80%以上的磁性能保留。其中，最佳组分(Pr,Nd)LaCeFeB，相较于无La、Ce替代的原始组分，成本降低31.3%，综合磁性能保留86.4%，在性能与经济性之间达成优异平衡。

图. (a) 机器学习预测((Pr,Nd)LaCe)FeB高磁性能成分区间 (b) 样品实验验证结果-退磁曲线 (c)预测值与实验验证值对比 (d)相对成本降低与相对磁性能保留对比

相关研究成果以“Machine learning guided design of RE-Fe-B(RE=PrNd,La,Ce) with comprehensive high performance”为题发表在Acta Materialia [. 2025, 292, 121031]上。并已申请发明专利（专利号：2024105047807）。该工作得到了科技部国家重点研发计划、工业和信息化部高质量发展专项资金项目、国家自然科学基金和中国科学院战略性先导科技专项的支持。

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稀土永磁材料的高性价比AI设计与开发｜进展

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