稀土高熵陶瓷研发取得新进展

基础金属	铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁
稀有金属	稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒
新能源	锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

基础金属

铜电解铜铜精矿铜管铜棒废铜铜排铜合金精铜杆再生铜杆铜板带铝铝土矿氧化铝电解铝铝辅料铝棒铝合金锭废铝铝杆铝型材铝板卷铅铅精矿铅锭铅蓄电池再生精铅还原铅废铅蓄电池铅合金锌锌精矿电解锌锌合金氧化锌锌粉锡锡精矿锡锭锡材镁

稀有金属

稀土稀土矿稀土氧化物稀土金属钕铁硼 稀散金属锑铋铟锗镓硒钽锆 贵金属白银钨钨精矿 APT(仲钨酸铵)钨粉碳化钨钨酸钠钨条钨铁钨材钼钼精矿工业氧化钼钼铁钼化工高纯三氧化钼钼金属钛钛精矿钛渣四氯化钛海绵钛钛金属钛白粉硒

新能源

锂锂矿锂化合物金属锂镍镍矿镍铁精炼镍镍盐高冰镍 MHP 钴电解钴钴粉氯化钴四氧化三钴硫酸钴钴中间品氧化钴碳酸钴钴酸锂锰锰矿电解锰电池级硫酸锰 锂电正负极三元前驱体磷酸铁正极材料石油焦针状焦包覆沥青人造石墨硅碳负极硅氧负极硅

稀土高熵陶瓷研发取得新进展

2025-06-05 16:09:45 来源：稀土科学责任编辑：潘利军

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在“双碳” 战略目标的引领下，先进核能作为新质生产力的关键组成部分，正逐渐成为保障我国能源供应安全的重要力量。高熵材料以其独特的“鸡尾酒效应”和熵稳定效应脱颖而出，利用多主元协同作用，在极端环境下显著提升了综合性能，如今已成为核能材料创新的重要突破口。其中，稀土核安材料凭借耐高温、耐辐照腐蚀的优势，备受关注。中国科学院海西研究院厦门稀土材料研究中心杨帆课题组（福建省清洁核能燃料系统与材料联合创新重点实验室）在稀土核安材料研发领域取得了重要进展,包括新型耐高温、耐辐照的稀土钨酸/铪酸高熵陶瓷[1-2]。近期,在中核集团支持下，该团队成功开发出耐腐蚀稀土铪酸盐陶瓷，该材料作为堆用中子吸收控制材料的稀土替代方案（如替代碳化硼、银铟镉、铪等），正逐渐成为行业新趋势，能够大幅提升抗辐照腐蚀性能。同时，该团队还研发出了兼具“电磁隐身”与“辐射防护”功能的稀土铁氧体高熵陶瓷，为太空及深空探测仪表的抗辐射、耐极端温度以及轻量化防护提供了极具创新性的解决方案。
进展一：耐腐蚀稀土铪酸盐中熵高熵陶瓷研究团队采用固相反应和无压烧结技术，成功制备出(Y0.25Sm0.25Eu0.25Gd0.25)2Hf2O7和(Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2Dy0.2Er0.2)2Hf2O7两种新型陶瓷。

在模拟核反应堆环境（360℃、18 MPa高温高压去离子水）测试中，材料展现出三大突破性优势：腐蚀增重控制在8.2-10.4 mg·dm⁻²范围，较传统Gd₂Hf₂O₇材料降低40%，腐蚀速率稳定在0.0424-0.0519 mg·dm⁻²·h⁻¹，降幅达43%；氧化层厚度显著缩减至400-470纳米。研究揭示，材料优异的性能源于高熵材料特有的构型熵调控机制和迟滞扩散效应，有效抑制了腐蚀介质与基体的反应速率。同时，钇元素的引入进一步优化了晶粒均匀性，降低阳离子扩散速率，体现了氧化钇稳定氧化铪的优势，使材料耐蚀性获得突破性提升应用

进展二：多功能稀土铁氧体高熵陶瓷

团队基于溶胶-凝胶法创新设计的三款稀土铁氧体高熵陶瓷((Ca0.2Nd0.2Gd0.2Yb0.2Bi0.2)FeO3, (Ca0.2Nd0.2Gd0.2Ho0.2Bi0.2)FeO3, and (Ca0.2Nd0.2Gd0.2Ho0.2Bi0.2) (Fe0.9Ti0.1)O3）展现出全方位的核安全防护性能。其中(Ca0.2Nd0.2Gd0.2Ho0.2Bi0.2) (Fe0.9Ti0.1)O3）材料的综合性能最为突出：电磁防护方面：有效吸波带宽达2.92 GHz（5 mm厚度）；反射损耗峰值达-46.94dB。辐射防护方面：热中子屏蔽效率达99.78%（45%质量分数），为空白样品的2倍,对高能γ射线（¹³⁷Cs 662 keV，⁶⁰Co 1250 keV）的屏蔽性能接近传统铅基材料。在65keV弱吸收区，铅当量显著提升。研究表明，这种"双功能"特性源于多元晶格畸变效应与重元素铋（Bi）的协同作用，为替代有毒铅基屏蔽材料提供了环保高效的解决方案。
该系列成果以“Corrosion behavior of rare earth hafnate for neutron control rod in subscritical water”(硕士研究生王智怡为第一作者，杨帆研究员、谭凤芝教授、陈恒副研究员和周婷助理研究员为通讯作者。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.05.233)和“A novel (Ca0.2Nd0.2Gd0.2Ho0.2Bi0.2) (Fe0.9Ti0.1)O3 high-entropy ceramic protective material with electromagnetic wave absorption and (n, γ) radiation shielding performance”((硕士研究生宋柯为第一作者，杨帆研究员、谭凤芝教授和陈恒副研究员为通讯作者。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.04.380)为题发表在期刊《Ceramics International》。以上研究成果不仅为先进核能系统提供了关键材料支撑，也为材料设计提供了新思路。

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稀土高熵陶瓷研发取得新进展

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